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Christopher L. Scott

8. A Defining Miracle (John 6:2–11)

May 16, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The meaning of some words is cheapened by the way we use them. The word “miracle” no longer has significance among Christians because we make statements such as, It was a miracle to find Oreos on sale or Finding a parking spot at the mall was a miracle today.

            In his book, The Case for Miracles, Lee Strobeldefines miracles this way: “miracles are outside the normal course of events. They’re a supernatural exception to the way the world usually works.”[1] Richard Purtill, who was professor emeritus of philosophy at Western Washington University taught that a “miracle is an event (1) brought about by the power of God that is (2) a temporary (3) exception (4) to the ordinary course of nature (5) for the purpose of showing that God has acted in history.”[2]

            In John 6 we read about one of many miracles that Jesus performed. Because of the miracles Jesus had already done “a large crowd followed Him, because they saw the signs which He was performing on those who were sick” (John 6:2).[3] This “crowd” included 5,000 men (John 6:10b). The two most recent miracles this crowd saw were the healing the son of a Royal Official (John 4) and healing a paralyzed man (John 5). Because a large group of people had been following Jesus for an extended period of time, the disciples and Jesus needed to find a way to feed these people.

            But there is a problem we learn about from Philip,“Two hundred denarii worth of bread is not sufficient for them, for everyone to receive a little” (John 6:7b). Two hundred denarii is the equivalent of $51,680 dollars to someone living in Washington state in 2022. (The NIV translates it as “more than half a year’s wages.”)[4] $51,680 would not be enough money to purchase enough bread for everyone to have some. Here, the problem according to Philip is simple: there’s not enough finances.

            We also learn about the problem from Andrew, “There is a lad here who has five barley loaves and two fish, but what are these for so many people?” (John 6:9). The five barley loaves of this young child were common in the Mediterranean diet. They were leavened a little, formed into small disks about 4-5 inches in diameter, and then baked. Imagine five small disks of bread with two small seasoned fish that was a meal for a small boy.

            Next Jesus speaks about the problem saying,“Have the people sit down” (John 6:10a). Thus far we’ve seen three “not enoughs.” There’s not enough money to buy food to feed the people.  There’s not enough food to feed the people. And there’s not enough faith. They are stuck. But Jesus essentially says, I am enough and in doing so He tells them to “sit down” which let them know a meal is about to come. (If you are going to have a snack you can stand; if you are going to eat a full meal you sit.) Having the people sit down also showed that the people are not participating in the preparation or provision of the meal.            

            “Jesus then took the loaves, and having given thanks, He distributed to those who were seated; likewise also of the fish as much as they wanted” (John 6:11). This was a miracle following the true meaning of that word. It was supernatural and was an exception to the ordinary course of nature. The miracle was a defining moment for those who saw the Son of God supernaturally providing for needs that no one else could perform. And in the process shows that Jesus cares for us and meets our needs when we are in tough situations.   


[1] Lee Strobel, The Case for Miracles (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018), 252.

[2] Richard L. Purtill, “Defining Miracles,” in In Defense of Miracles: A Comprehensive Case for God’s Action in History, ed. R. Douglas Geivett and Gary R. Habermas (Downers Grove, IL: InterVarsity, 1997), 71. Quoted in Lee Strobel, The Case for Miracles (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2018), 27.

[3] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[4] So a denarii was roughly one day’s wage for the average worker. It represented 8 months of work since they worked six days per week. Now in our culture we work five days per week, so it’s roughly 10 months of work. And the average salary in Washington state is $62,020 per year. Which is $5,168 per month, which is $51,680 in our currency right now.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

7. God’s Creative Solutions (John 5:8, 9)

May 14, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

For more than three years I struggled with back pain every single day. I hoped a quick fix would remove it. Maybe an inversion table, an insole in my shoe, a pain pill, physical therapy, or a surgery. But none of those things I thought would help did. Instead, God provided a different solution (which I will share later).

            I’m sure you have pain too. Your pain might be physical like mine, or it might be emotional. A family member abandoned you. A best friend betrayed you. A coworker criticized you. Your pain might be spiritual. Someone in the church was legalistic and rigid with you. Someone from the church wasn’t there for you when you asked for help and needed it the most. Someone that was supposed to keep your confidence in the church spread your secrets to others.

            What I know about you and I is that we all have pain in our lives: physical, mental, or spiritual.

            In John 5 we read about a man that had been paralyzed for thirty-eight years (John 5:5). Many years he had hoped to be cured (John 5:7). The man had a mechanism by which he thought he could be cured, but that had not worked (John 5:2-4, 6). After seeing this man Jesus tells him, “Get up, pick up your pallet and walk” (John 5:8, NASB).[1] Then John tells us, “Immediately the man became well, and picked up his pallet and began to walk. Now it was the Sabbath on that day” (John 5:9).

            Based on this man’s healing we learn that God sometimes fixes things in unexpected ways. We might be tight on money and think we need to get another job, but then God puts a friend in our life that shows us how to save money by cooking at home instead of eating out. We might have an old car that needs to be replaced, but the next thing we know we meet a mechanic that fixes our car for free. We might hate our job and think we need to find a new job, but then God gives us a new boss and the situation improves. Sometimes God fixes our problems in different and unique ways that we do not expect.             I told that story at the beginning of our time together about my back pain because after three years the pain slowly diminished. I wish could say that physical therapy helped it, a pill caused it to go away, or surgery was the way it diminished and it was cured. But, God has fixed it in an unexpected way: I have to keep it strong by exercising, stretch at night before I go to bed, monitor how I stand/sit/sleep, walk a lot, and eat an anti-inflammatory diet. God has almost fixed the problem, but it was not in the way I thought. I have learned—like that man lying next to the pool of water—God often fixes our problems in ways we don’t expect.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

6. The Harvest from the Gospel (John 4:35–38)

May 13, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The evangelist Billy Graham shared the gospel with an estimated 215 million people.[1] Many of them responded by placing their faith in Jesus for salvation. While his sermon might have lasted only forty minutes in which someone accepted the gospel, I wonder how many of those people had people praying for their salvation for forty years.

            Rarely does someone accept the gospel the first time we share it with them. Often it takes years of conversations, prayers, and interactions with people before they accept the gospel.

            Jesus touches on this tension in the fourth chapter of John using an agricultural metaphor, “Do you not say, ‘There are yet four months, and then comes the harvest’? Behold, I say to you, lift up your eyes and look on the fields, that they are white for harvest. Already he who reaps is receiving wages and is gathering fruit for life eternal; so that he who sows and he who reaps may rejoice together. For in this case the saying is true, ‘One sows and another reaps.’ I sent you to reap that for which you have not labored; others have labored and you have entered into their labor”(John 4:35–38, NASB).[2]

            In these verses I believe there are three lessons that Jesus is trying to teach to His disciples and to us.

            In this passage Jesus describes a harvest ready for His disciples’ time. Farmers in the first-century divided their agricultural year into six two-month periods: seedtime, winter, spring, harvest, summer, and a time of extreme heat.[3] This meant they had to wait a minimum of four months between sowing seeds and reaping the harvest. Barley is green when it’s growing, but when it ripens it turns from green to light brown. When Jesus says the fields are “white”(v. 35) He means the fields are extremely ripe. What Jesus is telling His disciples is that they don’t have to wait four months: the field is ready now! 

            In this passage Jesus describes a harvest His disciples didn’t sow. Jesus told them they would “reap that for which you have not labored; others have labored and you have entered into their labor” (v. 38). The harvest Jesus describes is a harvest that was sowed by others before His disciples. Perhaps He’s referring to the Old Testament prophets, John the Baptist, or His own miracles. 

            In this passage Jesus describes a harvest for us now. People in the twenty-first century wonder about God and are curious to learn more about who He is. They ask questions such as: Is there more to life than just a better job, bigger house, nicer car, and fancier vacations? Why do bad things happen to good people? How do I get through the difficulties of life?

            As we reap the harvest in front of us we benefit from someone else’s sowing. Let’s remember that the fields around us in our family, at work, and in our community are ripe and ready for harvest.


[1] According to Samaritan’s Purse, Billy Graham preached the gospel to 215 million people in 185 different countries. See “Biography: Billy Graham” at https://www.samaritanspurse.org/media/bio-billy-graham/. Accessed May 6, 2024.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] Leon Morris, The Gospel According to John, New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1995), 246-247.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

5. A Savior for Everyone (John 4:13–14)

May 10, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Most of us are familiar with the story of the Samaritan woman at the well in John 4. It’s an impactful story because most of us relate to her in some way.

            This woman had to face questions that most of us face in our lives. Am I worthy of salvation? If Jesus knew about my sin, what would he say? Have I done things so wrong that I can never be forgiven? My own family doesn’t want to be with me, why would God want me to be with him? If Jesus showed up, would he know who I was? Would he talk to me?

            The big idea of this story—and I think the reason that John puts it in his gospel—is that Jesus has eternal life that He offers to everyone and anyone can have that eternal life. And when we accept that eternal life we have a testimony (regardless of our good or bad past) that should be used to bring others to share in the eternal life that we enjoy

            Jesus tells this woman,“Everyone who drinks of this water will thirst again; but whoever drinks of the water that I will give him shall never thirst; but the water that I will give him will become in him a well of water springing up to eternal life” (John 4:13–14, NASB).[1]

            In John 4 we learn that Jesus is offering living water to everyone. Notice a few words here. He says “everyone” (v. 13) and “whoever” (v. 14). He’s not saying, “A Jew” or “a righteous person” or a “Gentile that has converted to Jewish faith.” He’s saying everyone: Samaritans, Greeks, Romans, Sinners, righteous, men, women, “everyone”is able to come to this living water.

            John puts Jesus’s words in the strongest way possible to say a negative. The text, “shall never thirst” is a translation from the Greek which reads, ou me dipsesei, which means “no not ever.” This type of Greek construction describes something that won’t happen. There is a guarantee of Jesus that once we accept this offer, we’ll never need anything ever again. 

            In John 4 Jesus declares He’s the Savior of the world. Notice if we jump to the end of the story it says Jesus is “savior to the world” (v. 42). This is John’s way of reminding us that this was his whole purpose in writing this gospel. John makes it clear that Jesus came to bring salvation for people of all races, and this story brings out that truth. The Savior is sufficient for John the Baptist, Jesus’s disciples, Nicodemus, and the Samaritan woman. John’s telling us that the Savior—the Messiah—has arrived and he’s offering salvation to everyone in everyplace.  


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

3. Time To Be Born Again (John 3:5–8)

May 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Something was stirring in the minds and hearts of people. When Jesus cast out the money changers and animal sellers at the temple in Jerusalem a lot of people rejected Jesus as soon as He showed up. But others were interested in learning about who He was and what He was doing.

            One of those interested people was a religious man named Nicodemus. He was a Pharisee (John 3:1), ruler of the Jews (John 3:1), and teacher in Israel (John 3:10). He approached Jesus at night and asked Jesus what must be done to be born again (John 3:3). Jesus answered, “Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God” (John 3:5, NASB).[1]

            Nicodemus was confused. The word “water” here likely refers to the ministry of John the Baptist, who was baptizing people in water as part of their repentance for their sins. And “Spirit” refers to the means that someone is indwelled by God and saved by God. This means that Nicodemus needs to repent in order to be regenerated by the Holy Spirit. 

            Jesus gives an illustration of the difference between Nicodemus’s religion and God’s regeneration. “That which is born of the flesh is flesh, and that which is born of the Spirit is spirit. Do not be amazed that I said to you, ‘You must be born again.’ The wind blows where it wishes and you hear the sound of it, but do not know where it comes from and where it is going; so is everyone who is born of the Spirit” (John 3:6–8, NASB).
            As a religious leader Nicodemus and his friends tried to control people and their religion. But Jesus says God has arrived and the Spirit of God is moving in a new way.

            There’s a wordplay here that we miss. The word for Spirit and wind are the same word in Greek: pneuma which can mean “Spirit” or “wind.” And Jesus uses the word to describe how the wind blows where it wishes compared to how the Spirit works in His own way in which He wishes. Just like the wind works in unknown and unseen ways, the Spirit of God is working in new and unseen ways. Just as humans cannot control the wind, neither can humans control the Holy Spirit. Just as being born again is a mysterious and unseen act, so is the work of the Spirit.             J. Vernon McGee writes about this verse, “I can’t tell you exactly how the Spirit of God operates, but I can surely tell when He is moving in the lives and hearts of His people.”[2] That’s exactly what Jesus is saying here: the Spirit of God is moving in a way that no one can control and might not always understand. While the Pharisees tried to control people and religion, God and his Holy Spirit saves and regenerates who He wants.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] J. Vernon McGee, John 1-10 (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1991), 56, emphasis added.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

2. Meeting a Need (John 2:3–8)

May 2, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There was a serious problem at a wedding in Cana of Galilee in the first century when the supply of wine ran out. This was a breach of etiquette in ancient near eastern culture. The groom was responsible to provide wine at his wedding celebration. There are some ancient documents that indicate a groom could face legal and financial punishment from members of a community if he didn’t provide food and wine for a week of celebration after a wedding.

            Jesus’ mother, Mary, went to Jesus and declared the problem and also asked for Jesus’ help. “When the wine ran out, the mother of Jesus said to Him, ‘They have no wine.’ And Jesus said to her, ‘Woman, what does that have to do with us? My hour has not yet come.’ His mother said to the servants, ‘Whatever He says to you, do it’” (John 2:3–5, NASB).[1]

            Here Mary recognizes the authority of Jesus to do what He desires. She knew He would do something so she goes to the servants at the wedding and essentially says, “get ready!” When there is a problem we need to prepare for Jesus’ help like Mary did. We don’t say, “God, here I am. Fix it.” We need to cooperate with God as He fixes it.

            If we are struggling to pay our bills and we ask Jesus for help, we need to prepare for Jesus to help us by preparing a budget. If our health is getting worse and we ask Jesus for help, we need to do everything that our doctor says will get us better. If our marriage is on the rocks and we ask Jesus for help, we need to seek counseling to get us ready for the transformation He might make in our marriage.

            When there is a problem we also need to obey God’s promptings to us to help others like the servants did. “Now there were six stone waterpots set there for the Jewish custom of purification, containing twenty or thirty gallons each. Jesus said to them, ‘Fill the waterpots with water.’ So they filled them up to the brim. And He said to them, ‘Draw some out now and take it to the headwaiter.’ So they took it to him” (John 2:6–8, NASB).  Reading these three verses reminds us that when God puts someone on our mind or heart, we need to reach out by inviting her to coffee, call to check in, send a card in the mail, or stop by their house to check on him or her. We need to act when God works in us and shows us who needs help, just as the servants obeyed Jesus.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

1. Pointing to the Light (John 1:4–5, 6–9)

May 1, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

A model from Los Angeles contacted me on Instagram asking me to give him my Instagram handle name. He wrote, “I’ll pay you for your name on Instagram.” I responded and asked how much he would offer. (I was not going to accept the money, but I was curious how much he’d offer). After he offered several hundred dollars I responded, “I’m a Christian. You can have it for free. Jesus has been good to me and blessed me with so much. You can just have my name for free.”

            I used that interaction as an opportunity to point him to the light of Jesus. This is a ministry—pointing others to the Light of Jesus—we all have and it was the ministry of John the Baptist too.

            We live in a dark world. Even non-Christians that don’t have faith in God can agree that the world is a dark place. Because of that we need to use every opportunity to point people to the light of Jesus. The people John was writing to understood this too. John the Apostle wrote his gospel at a time when the other original disciples of Jesus had been killed because of their faith in Christ. John was the only one left alive. John writes in his gospel that God sends life seen as light. “In Him was life, and the life was the Light of men. The Light shines in the darkness, and the darkness did not comprehend it” (John 1:4–5).[1]

            God sent someone to testify about the light, “There came a man sent from God, whose name was John. He came as a witness, to testify about the Light, so that all might believe through him. He was not the Light, but he came to testify about the Light. There was the true Light which, coming into the world, enlightens every man” (John 1:6–9). This man who “testified about Him” (John 1:15a) we call John the Baptist. Now there’s a few important points here we need to understand about John as we relate ourselves to him.

            Like John, we are not the Light. Jesus was the Light. Jesus said in John 8:12, “I am the Light of the world; he who follows Me will not walk in the darkness, but will have the Light of life.” Jesus was the light, not John the Baptist. And we need to remember we are not the light, but Jesus is.

            Like John, we are supposed to point to the Light. In John 1:7a we are told about John the Baptist’s position, “He came as a witness to testify about the light.” God sent John the Baptist to help the people understand who Jesus was and what Jesus came to do. John was the interpreter for the people. This is a good reminder for us because it’s not enough to just hand someone a Bible and walk off. We can’t just read them a verse and expect them to get saved. We have to help them interpret what they read and hear about Jesus.

            Like John, we won’t always be successful, but should always be faithful. John failed, in many ways if you think about it. First, he failed to get the Jews[2] to recognize Christ when He came. John had one job to do: point to the Messiah and say, “here he is!” Many did not recognize Christ when He showed up. Second, John the Baptist also failed because some people started following him instead of looking for the Messiah. In Acts 8:25 and Acts 19:1-7 Paul encounters men who still call themselves disciples of John the Baptist more than 20 years after Jesus’s resurrection and ascension to heaven![3] Even though John the Baptist wasn’t always successful, he was faithful. And we too, should be faithful to our calling to point people to the light. We tell people we are praying for them, we send them cards that have Scripture on them, and we spend time with them.

            When I told that man on Instagram about Jesus he did not reply, Yes, I want to follow Jesus. But I was faithful to my calling to point people to Christ—to the light—whenever possible. I did what John the Baptist did: I tried to point someone to the light at every opportunity available. And that’s all our job too!


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] It does not appear that any of the five groups of Jews (Essenes, Herodians, Pharisees, Sadducees, Zealots) alive in the first century followed John the Baptist’s ministry

[3] Those same followers of John the Baptist exist today. They call themselves “Mandeans” and claim to be descendants of John the Baptist.

Filed Under: Articles from the Gospel of John

A God that Serves His People? (Isa 53:5, 9-12)

April 14, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There are some names I’m going to share that I’m sure you will recognize: Jim Jones, Charles Manson, David Koresh, Shoko Asahara, Joseph Di Mambro, Marshall Applewhite, and Bonnie Lu Nettles.

            Most of those names have something in common: a sacrifice was made by the people on behalf of the cult leader. The people would do things for the leader such as giving money, abandoning their family, inflicting harm on others, and even killing themselves.

            While those people were part of bizarre cults, there are religions in the world where people sacrifice themselves or work hard to earn their way into favor with the god they worship. Jehovah Witnesses work hard so they can hopefully become one of the 144,000 witnesses in heaven. Mormons are active in their faith hoping to one day attain godhood like Jesus. Muslims work hard to please Alah through legalistic prayer rituals & other activities.

            Christianity is antithetical to those cults and religions. As evangelical Christians we don’t sacrificeourselves for our leader, nor do we work hard to earn his favor, nor do we hope to attain a level of sainthood.

            Instead, Christianity is based on the act of our leader and our God—Jesus Christ—sacrificing Himself for us. While those cults and religions require people to sacrifice themselves for the leader, in Christianity the leader sacrificed himself for us. The prophet Isaiah writing 700 years before Jesus’s life predicted the death of our Savior for our sins.

CHRIST’S PAIN AND OUR PEACE

            In Isaiah 53:5 we learn that in Jesus’ pain He gave us peace. “But He was pierced through for our transgressions, He was crushed for our iniquities; the chastening for our well-being fell upon Him, and by His scourging we are healed.”[1] This verse describes the punishment that Jesus went through. One classic Old Testament commentary states, “There were no stronger expressions to be found in the language, to denote a violent and painful death.”[2] One Hebrew syntax manual tells us that it is “the punishment [chastening] that brought us peace.”[3]     Christ’s chastening and punishment causes our well-being. Another way to translate “well-being” would be to use the word, “peace.” The Hebrew word there is shalom (שָׁלֹום). Christ’s wounds healed our sins. Christ’s severe punishment brought us spiritual nourishment. Christ’s pain on the cross brought peace into our lives.

CHRIST’S WORK AND NOT OUR WORK

            Christ’s work on the cross means we don’t have to work for our salvation.Isaiah continues, “But the Lord was pleased to crush Him, putting Him to grief; if He would render Himself as a guilt offering, He will see His offspring, He will prolong His days, and the good pleasure of the Lord will prosper in His hand. As a result of the anguish of His soul, He will see it and be satisfied; by His knowledge the Righteous One, My Servant, will justify the many, As He will bear their iniquities. Therefore, I will allot Him a portion with the great, and He will divide the booty with the strong; because He poured out Himself to death, And was numbered with the transgressors; yet He Himself bore the sin of many, and interceded for the transgressors” (Isaiah 53:10–12).

            In these verses Isaiah tells us Jesus died because of the Father’s desire. Notice how it begins, “But the Lord was pleased to crush Him” (v. 10a). God the Father wasn’t surprised when Jesus died on the Cross. God the Father was in heaven and made the decision to have Christ die on behalf of the sinners of the earth. Why? Because God the Father loves everyone and wants to have a relationship with us, so He sent His only Son to be the sacrifice to die for us.

            In these verses Isaiah tells us Jesus died for our sins. Towards the middle of verse ten we read, “If He would render Himself as a guilt offering” (v. 10b). This describes Jesus’s whole being, his “soul” (v. 11). The same word for guilt offering, asam (אָשָׁם֙) is used here as in Leviticus 6-7 of the guilt offering which required 120 percent restitution (Leviticus 6:5). The word is used specifically in Lev 5:15; 6:5; 19:21 to describe an offering to atone for us. 

            In these verses Isaiah tells us Jesus died for everyone. Here God the Father says, “My Servant, will justify the many” (v. 11b). Christ died for everyone. Not just men or women, rich or poor, Hispanics or blacks, Jews or Arabs, he died for “the many.” 

            In these verses Isaiah tells us Jesus died with other sinners when Jesus was arrested (v. 12). Someone was already in custody and sentenced to die when Jesus was arrested. Remember his name? Barabas. Who was he? A murderer and insurrectionist (Luke 23:25). He had been sentenced to die, so when Jesus dies on the cross with two other criminals we learn that Jesus was dying with the worst of sinners. 

CHRIST’S EXALTATION AND BURIAL

            Isaiah described the execution of Jesus and also described the burial of Jesus. “His grave was assigned with wicked men, yet He was with a rich man in His death, because He had done no violence, nor was there any deceit in His mouth” (Isaiah 53:9). In this prophecy Isaiah tells that us while Jesus was killed with wicked evil men and was supposed to be buried with those same men, this future savior would be buried as a rich man. The fulfillment of this verse was when named Joseph of Armathia takes Jesus down from the cross and places Jesus in Joseph of Armathia’s tomb (Matthew 27:57-60; John 19:31).

A GOD THAT SERVED US

            These verses from Isaiah teach us that we worship a God that served us. In Luke 22:25–27 Jesus told His disciples, “The kings of the Gentiles lord it over them; and those who have authority over them are called ‘Benefactors.’ But it is not this way with you, but the one who is the greatest among you must become like the youngest, and the leader like the servant. For who is greater, the one who reclines at the table or the one who serves? Is it not the one who reclines at the table? But I am among you as the one who serves.”[4] We must always remember that we serve a God that served us first. I’m not sure how many religions can claim that the god which they worship served them before they serve their god. But I believe that’s why the God of the Bible is worthy of our worship: He doesn’t need anything from us. Just the opposite, He gave to us and served us before we ever knew Him.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Franz Delitzsch, Biblical Commentary on the Prophecies of Isaiah, vol 2 (Eerdmans, Grand Rapids, MI: 1877), translated by James Martin, p. 318.

[3]  Bruce Waltke and M. O’Connor, Biblical Hebrew Syntax (Eisenbrauns, Winona Lake, IN: 1990), 146. Waltke and O’Connor describe מוּסַ֤ר שְׁלֹומֵ֨נוּ֙  as an adverbial genitive which is a genitive of effect: C causes G (Ibid.).

[4] Emphasis mine.

Filed Under: Easter Articles

Not Surprised at the Cross (Pss 22)

April 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The Ukrainian poet, Taras Shevchenko, wrote a poem titled, “It Makes No Difference To Me” that describes a Ukrainian man’s feelings toward the neighboring nation of Russia. That poem described what was happening in 2022, 2023, and 2024 as the Ukrainian people—according to Shevchenko—fight off those “evil folk” and “wicked men” that “attack our Ukraine.” 

            And while that poem described what was felt among a lot of Ukrainians in 2022 and 2023, it was not written in 2022, 2023 or 2024. That poem was composed by Taras Shevchenko in 1861 describing his feelings about the Russians and their attacks on his home country of Ukraine.[1] While Taras Shevchenko wrote a poem that described his experience in 1861 that also described the experience of Ukrainians in 2022 and 2023 and 2024, a guy named David that lived 1000 years before Jesus Christ wrote about his own experience of suffering, and with the help of the Holy Spirit, David also described the future sufferings of our Savior Jesus Christ. 

            In Psalm 22 David describes the pain he feels from suffering. He summarizes his pain in Psalm 22:11, “Be not far from me, for trouble is near; For there is none to help.”[2] This is how suffering feels at times. David is all alone. Difficult times hurt often because we are alone in them.

            In Psalm 22 David also describes pain from his enemies. He compares his enemies to wicked and cruel beasts. “Many bulls have surrounded me; Strong bulls of Bashan have encircled me. They open wide their mouth at me, As a ravening and a roaring lion” (Psalm 22:12-13). The “Bulls of Bashan” (v. 12) were well fed cattle. Bashan was a fertile area east of the Sea of Galilee now known as the Golan Heights. It had lush oak forests and good pastures for cattle. The “Lion” is understood to be power and force that a lion has over us.

            David says he cannot continue on because his energy is zapped. “I am poured out like water, And all my bones are out of joint; My heart is like wax; It is melted within me. My strength is dried up like a potsherd, And my tongue cleaves to my jaws; And You lay me in the dust of death” (Psalm 22:14-15). This is a picture of Jesus’ body on the cross hung by nails through His hands, His body weight suspended from His hands, and His back that was tweaked with His joints slipping out of place. As His body was stretched and His joints dislodged, His heart must have struggled to pump blood throughout His body. Like David his “heart is like wax; It is melted within me” (v. 14). He’s at the end of his life. He’s got nothing left. He was at the brink of death.             

            In Psalm 22 David says he is in such pain he’s about to die. David describes his enemies, “For dogs have surrounded me; A band of evildoers has encompassed me; They pierced my hands and my feet” (Psalm 22:16). When he says “dogs” (v. 16) we must remember that dogs in the culture of the Bible were not cute pets that lived in people’s houses. They hunted the streets as scavengers or traveled around in the wilderness in packs. This is a future picture of Jesus’ enemies. These bulls, lions, and dogs describe the Roman workers that executed Jesus and the Jewish leaders that lied in order to convict Jesus. Those enemies of Jesus were bigger, more powerful, and used their authority to attack Jesus and kill Him. Just as David would have been no match against bulls, lions, and dogs, Jesus was no match for the Jewish leaders that accused Him of a crime and the Roman officials that executed Him.  

            This is also a future picture of Jesus’s wounds. In this line, “They pierced my hands and my feet” (v. 16b). David is describing what would figuratively happen if a bull, lion, and dog attacked him. But in the New Testament the gospel writer, John, tells us that this literally happened to Jesus (John 20:20). 

            David also describes his agony. “I can count all my bones. They look, they stare at me; They divide my garments among them, And for my clothing they cast lots” (Psalm 22:17-18). Here we see the people around Jesus that divided His clothing among them. This was a sign that they knew He would die. And for His clothing they “cast lots.” The New Living Translation says, “throw dice.” All four gospel writers record this detail in their telling of the crucifixion.

            As we approach Good Friday and Easter Sunday we should remember that Jesus was not surprised by what awaited Him. David had described it in Psalm 22 and Jesus was prepared for it. Jesus was ready for the suffering that was prepared for Him because He knew it was necessary for the salvation of people. And He knew that He would conquer death by coming back to life again Sunday morning.


[1] Taras Shevchenko, “It Makes No Difference To Me.” Translated by Clarence A. Manning. https://taras-shevchenko.storinka.org/taras-shevchenko’s-poem-it-makes-no-difference-to-me-tr-by-clarence-a-manning.html Accessed March 22, 2023

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Easter Articles

Basic Dos and Don’ts to Be a More Welcoming Church

March 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We all know Scripture tells us to be hospitable. Paul tells us that we all should be “practicing hospitality” (Romans 12:13).[1] The author of Hebrews warns us, “Do not neglect to show hospitality to strangers” (Hebrews 13:2). Peter instructs his readers, “be hospitable to one another without complaint” (1 Peter 4:9).

            But how do we do this? Furthermore, how do we teach and train others in our churches to do this? In this article I share a few dos and don’ts I’ve learned to teach our church in order to become a friendlier and more welcoming church.

DOS

Smile. A warm smile goes a long way. Nothing says “Hello” or “You are welcome here” more than a smile. As Mark Twain once said, “Wrinkles should merely indicate where smiles have been.”[2]

Make eye contact. People visiting a church are often self-conscious about what they are wearing and how they look. We can help remove some of their anxiety about looks by looking at their eyes and not at their clothes. Looking at their clothes tells them we are judging them by what they wear; looking at their eyes tells them we appreciate who they are.

Ask if they know people part of the church. If visitors came to church because of a neighbor, coworker, or family member that invited them, then say it’s great to have them visit. If we know the visitor’s neighbor, coworker, or family member, we can start a conversation about the person that we each know.

Ask what it is that they like about the church. This question shows we are interested in learning more about the visitor. Instead of us trying to “sell” our church to the visitor, this allows the visitor to tell us why the church is important to them.

Display good signs. Be sure your signs are clear from the outside of the building. Make it clear which doors are entrances. Our church has a door often used as an entrance, but we lock it when the service begins for safety reasons. We have a sign on the door that says, “This door is locked at 10:30 AM when the service begins.” Make it clear where someone is supposed to walk after he parks his car.

Provide a paper bulletin. Do not expect visitors to download an app or follow your service on their phone when they intentionally came to church to be around people. You place a barrier between the church and the visitor when the visitor is required to download an app or scan a QR code in order to access information about your church. If we are serious about kindly welcoming new people to our church, then we will spend the time and money to provide the information we want them to have in a way that we can hand to them.

Place greeters near doors. I know it’s easy to overlook, but be sure you have a few people near each door so they can greet new people as soon as they arrive. Strategically ask people you have seen regularly arrive at church early to be greeters. Don’t make an announcement that you are looking for greeters because the notoriously late person might volunteer to greet people.

Encourage after church fellowship. A simple phrase spoken near the end of the service like, “Please don’t rush out today” or “We encourage you to linger after the service and enjoy time together” communicates to new people that your church wants to get to know them.

DON’TS

Don’t use your phone or tablet. People come to church to be with people. Nothing says, “we don’t care about you” more than someone who looks at her phone instead of greeting new visitors. When we look at our phone instead of engaging with people, it tells them that what is on our phone is more important than the person in front of us.

Don’t ask if someone is new. I was an associate pastor for six months at a church of about 200 people when I saw a 35-year-old man come to church alone. I had never seen him before—especially since there aren’t many 35-year-old men that come to church alone—so I walked up and said, “You look new to our church. Welcome!” He looked at me, clearly frustrated, and said he’d been going to that church for three years. Clearly he had not been at church for the six months that I’d been working there. A better way to have greeted him would have been, “I don’t believe we’ve met. I’m Christopher. How are you doing?”

Don’t point out visitors to the entire church in the service. Never ask your guests to stand so that everyone can see they are new. Most people visiting a church want to sit in the back and observe the service. Do not ask visitors to participate in the service on their first Sunday.

Don’t play music after the service. When we play background music after church it discourages people from talking among themselves and subtly tells them it’s time to leave. Instead, let there be silence in the church after the service. You’ll be surprised how the awkward silence is quickly filled with conversations among people.

Don’t use insider language. While we might think the language we use is easy to follow and clear, others may not understand what we say. One church advertised their ministry groups as “Six Eight Group” and “Nine Twelve Group.” A visitor might think the first group was for kids ages “6–8” and the second for kids ages “9–12.” But those numbers were meant to describe the grades, not age. The “Six Eight Group” was for kids in grades sixth to eighth grade. And the “Nine Twelve Group” was for kids in ninth through twelfth grade. The group names might appear simple to the ministry leaders, but are confusing to new visitors.

BECOMING MORE WELCOMING

None of these “dos” and “don’ts” are hard and fast rules for becoming a welcoming church. The most important element of becoming a welcoming church is cultivating an atmosphere that values new visitors.

Sometimes simple phrases in the welcome, announcements, or sermons make a big difference. Phrases such as, “If you are visiting with us for the first time” or “We are glad you decided to try out our church today” subtly shows you are open to new people at church and that they were welcome to be there.

             Finding ways to incorporate stories into sermons about the experience of new people at your church is important as well. These stories show you value visitors and displays to your members the importance of visitors having a good experience at your church.

            Most of all, show you love visitors because of God’s love. “Beloved, let us love one another, for love is from God; and everyone who loves is born of God and knows God” (1 John 4:7). We should communicate to visitors that we are glad they are with us, that we care for them, and that God loves them. This will help them feel valued and appreciated, which is the best and most effective way to be a welcoming church.

CONGREGATIONAL STUDY GUIDE

  1. How do we think visitors feel when they attend our church?
  2. What are we currently doing to make visitors feel welcome?
  3. What “dos” rom this article should we begin?
  4. What “donts” From this article Should we stop?
  5. How are we going to implement these changes?

[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] The New Dictionary of Thoughts (Standard Book Company, 1961), 625.

Filed Under: Church Pastor and Leader Advice

Comparing Genesis 1 with Ancient Near Eastern Creation Myths

March 19, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Some scholars say that the Genesis 1 creation account is a literary “polemic” which was meant to refute ancient Near Eastern creation mythologies.[1] Others say the Genesis 1 creation account is radically different and that the similarities are simply coincidental.[2] Furthermore, some even advance that the creation accounts of Babylon have influenced the narratives of the Gospels in Matthew and Mark as well as Paul’s account of the resurrection in 1 Corinthians.[3] This article will examine the similarities and differences between the Israelite creation account of Genesis 1 and the ancient Near Eastern creation myths of Egypt, Babylon, Sumeria, and Canaan.

ISRAELITE CREATION ACCOUNT

Context of the Israelite Creation Account

Moses wrote the book of Genesis after the Israelites had left Egypt while they were in the wilderness. The Israelites had just left their homes and were trying to understand who this mighty and powerful God was that had just brought them out of Egypt. Moses’ description of God and the creation of the world in Genesis told the Israelites where they came from and who created them. In this way, Moses was revealing to Israel what kind of God was forming them into a nation.[4]

Content of Creation in Genesis 1

On day one God creates light from darkness and provides light for his creation (Gen 1:3–5). On day two God separates the waters above from the waters below (Gen 1:6–8). On day three God completes his three-day process of forming the earth for life by separating land from sea and by starting vegetation life (Gen 1:9–13). On day four God replaces the light from creation on day one with light from the sun for day and light from the moon at night (Gen 1:14–19). On day five God fills the waters with swimming creatures and fills the skies with flying creatures, then blesses them with the desire to multiply (Gen 1:20–23). On day six God creates man in his image (Gen 1:26–27), blesses humanity to be fruitful and multiply (Gen 1:28–30), and called all he created very good (Gen 1:26–31). On day seven God completed his creation, ceased from his work, and consecrated the seventh day (Gen 2:1–3).

Structure of Genesis 1 and the Israelite Creation Account

While most exegetical studies of the Israelite creation account focus on the sequence of creation, the structure of Genesis 1 must also be examined. Genesis 1:1 is a summary statement of creation, “In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.”[5] This is the main clause or title given for the chapter. Genesis 1:2 reveals a state of chaos, “The earth was formless and void, and darkness was over the surface of the deep, and the Spirit of God was moving over the surface of the waters.”This verse contains three clauses that are descriptive and supply background information. We could see these three clauses as the “circumstances” of the earth before creation. This state of chaos reveals that the earth is without shape (Gen 1:2a), without light (Gen 1:2b), and is present with God (Gen 1:2c). This structure is vital to a correct understanding of the Israelite creation account compared to ancient Near Eastern accounts because in Genesis 1 God creates from something. For the sake of this paper, Genesis 1:1 is a summary statement of what follows in Genesis 1:3–2:3, thus something exists in Genesis 1:2 when God begins to create in Genesis 1:3. Genesis 1:3—2:3 contains the narrative sequence.[6]

            Many conservative evangelical scholars have interpreted Genesis 1:3—2:3 as narrative history, not as poetry, parable, prophetic, allegory, or myth. The syntax of Genesis 1:3—2:3 suggests it should be considered historical narrative just like one would read the account of Ezra returning to Judah from Persia, Daniel’s experience in Babylon, or the splitting of Israel among Rehoboam and Jeroboam. The Genesis 1 creation account follows the normal form of historical narrative seen throughout the Old Testament canon. This pattern reveals past events by starting with the verb first (preterite / vayyiqtol / vav plus imperfect consecutive), then subject, then object.[7] For those reasons Genesis 1 is viewed as historical narrative, not part of the wisdom genre and poetic nature of Hebrew syntax often found in the Psalms, Proverbs, and the book of Job.

A Single God Created the Earth Divine Fiat and Ex Nihilo

Systematic theologians assert that the Old Testament teaches one God created the earth divine fiat (by mere command) and ex nihilo (from nothing). In this manner of creation there was no cosmic struggle between God and something else. In the Israelite creation account God is the subject of the creative acts seen in Gen 1:1, 3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24; 2:2. He is the single supreme deity in the Israelite creation account. Not only is he the only God, but he existed before creation and outside of that creation.[8] In the Israelite creation account God does not use matter or human beings to create. Instead, Genesis 1, Psalm 33:6-9, and Romans 4:14 all affirm that God merely spoke and creation emerged.

Biblical References to the Creation Account

Various passages throughout the Bible attest to the Genesis creation account as a historical event. When Jesus was asked about the topic of divorce he said that God made human beings “male and female from the beginning of creation” (Mark 10:5-6, NLT). Paul describes God as having “existed before anything else and he holds all creation together” (Col 1:17, NLT). The half-brother of Jesus told believers that God “created all the lights in the heavens” (James 1:17, NLT). Extending the creation account beyond just the Israelites was Melchizedek who blessed Abram by “God Most High, Creator of heaven and earth” (Gen 14:19, NLT). Lastly, Revelation 3:14 describes God’s “new creation” which implies something old which had already been created. In addition to these passages, numerous others point to the biblical account of creation as a historical event.[9]

ANCIENT NEAR EASTERN CREATION MYTHS

Confusion often arises when looking at ancient Near Eastern creation myths because unlike the Israelites’ single account, many ancient Near Eastern cultures had multiple creation accounts. The myths often varied depending on which city they were told in and which god belonged there.[10]

Egyptian Creation Myths

Some believe that there were three creation myths in Egypt[11] while others believe there were four.[12] More than one creation myth creates contradictions about how the world was created and who created it.[13] Therefore, as far as the Egyptian perspective, “There is no single Egyptian account known to date that describes the complete Egyptian perspective on creation. Instead, we have to put together a mosaic of bits and pieces recorded in various documents.”[14]

            The Egyptian creation myth is “thoroughly devoted to Theogony—birth of the gods as they took their forms in the creation of nature.”[15] At the beginning of creation there was only an “infinite dark, watery, chaotic sea.”[16] The gods mentioned in the Egyptian creation accounts were Nun (who existed in the primordial waters), Atum (who emerged from the waters), Enead who was the manifestation of the creation of the material world (generated by Atum), and Re/Re-Amun (the sun).[17] Later, humanity was created by accident, and at the end of the day the creator god rested. Finally pharaoh was born as the firstborn of Re/Re-Amun.[18] Everything was done in a single day[19] mostly by sneezing, spitting, and masturbation.[20] Man was created in the image of Re, or Khnum fashioned man on a patters wheel with the breath of god (if that god was Re, Hekat, or Aton is unclear) or man sprang from the eye of Atum.[21]

Sumerian Creation Myths

The Sumerian creation myth exists because the gods needed relief from laboring for self sustenance.[22] In this myth the goddess Nammu is the one who made the earth,[23] but the creation of man was merely an afterthought as a result of the gods’ desire for laborers.[24] The resulting creation myth of Sumaria is in close connection with the Babylonian Atrahasis epic and Enuma Elish epic.[25]

Canaanite Creation Myths

There are no clear cosmologies about creation in the Canaanite materials. What is known is that El (the head of the Canaanite pantheon) and his wife, Asherah, were creators. El is described as the creator of the earth, gods, and men.[26] Later, El was eclipsed by his son, Baal, who was the storm god and later a fertility god. While little is known of the Canaanite creation account there were “battles between Baal and the Sea (Yamm) and Death (Mot).[27]

Mesopotamian and Babylonian Creation Myths

Numerous gods are named in the two Mesopotamian and Babylonian creation myths. One of the myths is the Enuma Elish epic. The beginning of creation starts with the primordial waters consisting of two gods: Tiamat (salt water god of the deep) and Apsu (fresh water god). A third god, Mummu, appeared later as “vizier” to Apsu. The fresh water and salt water mixed to make the first generation of gods. As a result of the noise of those new gods Apsu could not sleep so he decided he was going to kill the created gods. However, Ea (the god of rivers and streams) found out about Apsu’s plan to kill the new gods so he put Apsu to sleep and then killed Apsu. Ea then fathered his own gods beginning with Marduk (the god of storm).[28] Marduk is said to have become the king of the remaining gods because he defeated and killed his rival gods.[29] When defeating the god Tiamat Marduk used her body—cut in half—to separate the land and the sky.[30] Mankind was created by mixing flesh and blood of a killed god (or gods)[31] with clay. This formed man and gave the spirit of god to man.[32] The other account of Mesopotamian and Babylonian creation myths is Atrahasis. In the Atrahasis epic the god, Ea, created seven human couples to take over the work of the lesser gods. Those lesser gods were in charge of tilling the land and growing food for the greater gods. When they tired and went on strike, Ea created seven human couples to replace the lesser gods’ role in tilling the ground and growing food.[33]

CONTINUITY AND DISCONTINUITY

Continuity

            The Source of Creation. One of the common features seen in the ancient Near Eastern creation myths and the Israelite account is land emerging from the waters. In the Israelite creation account we have the earth being formless, empty, and darkness covering the deep waters (Gen 1:2). Later, on the third day of creation God allows land to “appear” because the water beneath the sky flowed into one place (Gen 1:9). The Egyptian creation account reveals that land emerged only after the water had receded.[34] Another continuity is that in the Israelite creation account mankind was formed by God; in the ancient Near Eastern myths the gods create humankind with matter from the earth. The Israelite creation says that God made human beings in his image (Gen 1:26–27) and later reveals that he “formed the man from the dust of the ground” (Gen 2:7). The Babylonian account reveals that humans were made from the “clay,” but that clay was mixed with “the blood of Kingu or two Lamga gods (craftsman gods).”[35] 

            The Sequence of Creation. Many of the creation events in ancient Near Eastern myths follow the basic structure of the Israelite creation account. While the overall storyline of the Israelite creation account is different than Egypt’s cosmology, most of the other factors of Egypt’s creation myths and other ancient Near Eastern creation myths follow a similar pattern and theme.[36] James Atwell[37] shows the Enuma Elish (Babylonian) chronology closely follows the Israelite account. Both begin with a divine spirit existing external to matter, the matter was full of darkness, and light came from the gods (Enuma Elish) while God created light (Israel). Next was creation of firmament, then creation of dry land, later creation of luminaries, the creation of man, and finally the gods rest and celebrate (Enuma Elish) and God rests and sanctifies the seventh day (Israelite).[38] Furthermore, Soden and Miller relate God’s rest and sanctification of the seventh day of creation to Egypt’s Memphite Theology (one of three or four different creation cosmologies of Egypt). In the Memphite Theology “Ptah rested when all the creating was done and all the gods were settled.”[39] As seen above, there is similarity in the chronology of the Israelite creation account to Babylonia and one of the Egyptian cosmologies.

            The Substance of Creation. The Israelite creation account also matches the Egyptian creation myths in describing “primordial waters” (or “watery”),[40] which would eventually be formed into the earth.[41] Related to the wateriness of the earth in its precreated condition is also the darkness that covered the earth. That darkness is common in the Enuma Elish[42] and Egyptian creation myths.[43] Another brief continuity occurs in the Egyptian “Hermopolis” creation cosmology where the light came from Atum (the sun-god) before formal creation of the sun.[44] The same concept of “light” before the creation of the sun is in the Israelite creation account when God created light on day one (Gen 1:3) but the sun was not created until day four (Gen 1:14–18). In addition, the Israelite creation account and ancient Near Eastern cosmologies focus on a separation between the heavens and the earth. The Sumerians said that the heavens were separated from the earth by the air-god Enil. The Babylonian Enuma Elish made heaven from the upper part of the slain Tiamat. The Egyptian myth tells of Shu, the air god, pushing up Nut (sky goddess) from Geg (earth god) which eventually separated the earth from the sky.[45] In the Israelite creation account God separated the waters of the heavens (sky) and the waters of the earth (Gen 1:6–8).

Discontinuity

Most conservative evangelical scholars would place Genesis 1 and ancient Near Eastern creation accounts into different literary genres. Most view the Israelite creation account as a literal event.[46] Unlike the ancient Near Eastern myths, the “Israelites’ knowledge of God, therefore, was not founded in the first instance on the numinous awareness of nature, as was the case in polytheism. It was based on historical event.”[47] Furthermore, the “God of Israel has no mythology.”[48] The ancient Near Eastern accounts from Egypt, Sumeria, Canaan, and Babylon are normally placed in the literary genre of myth. An ancient Near Eastern myth has possible historical reference contained within its narrative, but an ancient Near Eastern myth does not expressively affirm the historicity of particular features of its narrative.[49] According to Kenton L. Sparks ancient Near Eastern myth “refers to stories in which the gods are major actors and the setting is either in the early cosmos or in the heavens.”[50] Sparks later elaborates, “We must contend as well with the possibility that ancient myth writers sometimes believed their myths to be inspired and hence factually reliable.”[51] Therefore, before examining the stated discontinuities of the ancient Near Eastern creation myths and Israelite creation account it is important to realize some conservative evangelical scholars believe the Israelite account is talking about factual history while the ancient Near Eastern accounts are myths.

            The Source of Creation. The most striking difference between the Israelite creation account and ancient Near Eastern myths is the God (singular) of Israel versus gods (plural) of the ancient Near East. Almost all ancient Near Eastern creation myths involve a myriad of gods[52] while Israel had one God. Another strong discontinuity is the absence of combat and struggle in the Israelite creation account compared to the constant struggle and combat in the ancient Near Eastern creation myths.[53] With regard to the Israelite creation account “any notion of a combat, struggle, or force is absent in both of these creation acts”[54] As Kenneth Kitchen explains, “Genesis 1:1-2:3 presents a calm, stately vista of creation of the cosmos by one supreme deity, untrammeled by complex mythologies or subplots.”[55]

            The Substance of Creation. Unlike the ancient Near Eastern creation myths, the Israelite creation account did not deify or worship the created matter. In this way, Genesis 1 rejects the Egyptian method of deifying the sky, ground, and air.[56] The Egyptian creation myths saw the material world (created matter) as the “embodiment, physical manifestation, or terrestrial incarnation of the individual gods.”[57] For example, the sun was the god Re, the sky was Nut, the ground was Geb, dry air was Shu, moist humidity was Tefnut, the primordial sea was Nun.[58] The Israelite creation account clearly rejects this deification of the created material world. Instead, according to the Israelite creation account, man was to govern the earth and reign over everything on earth (Gen 1:28). Adding to the differences between this creation account and ancient Near Eastern myths is the relationship established between God and man. The ancient Near Eastern myths had humans being made to serve the gods and do the work that the gods had gone on strike from. Yet, in the Israelite creation account God entrusted humans to reign and govern his creation on his behalf (Gen 1:26, 28).

            Another difference is seen in how the Israelite creation account describes the beginning of the human race with a single couple, Adam and Eve. This description of the beginning of humanity is unique because, “nowhere in the ancient texts are human origins depicted in terms of a single couple being created as progenitors of the entire human race. Consequently, if the biblical text includes that idea, it is not doing so in conformity with its ancient Near Eastern environment.”[59] The closest relation to the Israelite creation account of a single couple at the start of the human race is the Atrahasis epic in which the god Ea created seven human couples. Yet the purpose of creating those couples was to take over the work of the lesser gods’ job of growing food for the greater gods.[60] The relationship between this first couple in the Israelite creation account is also a reminder that God provides for his creation when he says to Adam and Eve, “From any tree of the garden you may eat freely” (Gen 2:16).[61]

CONCLUSION

This has been an examination of the Israelite creation account and ancient Near Eastern creation myths. There is a strong similarity among these accounts regarding the sequence of creation. And there are subtle continuities regarding the beginning of creation consisting of water as well as continuity of man being formed with matter from the earth.

            However, there are more discontinuities and stronger contrasts among those discontinuities. The first is that the Israelite creation account is often considered a literal and historical creation account compared to the ancient Near Eastern creation myths. Second, there is one supreme and powerful creator in the Israelite creation account while there are many gods mixed into the ancient Near Eastern creation myths. There is no supernatural struggle in the Israelite creation account because God alone created the world. Third, while the ancient Near Eastern creation myths deify the created matter (water, sun, etc.) as “gods,” the only God in the Isrealite creation account is the God which created the earth. Fourth, humanity is entrusted to rule over God’s creation in the Israelite creation account while humans are often depicted in the ancient Near Eastern myths as servants and laborers to the needs of gods. Fifth, the Israelite creation account starts with a single couple as the beginning of the human race which is completely unique from other ancient Near Eastern accounts.

            In light of the evidence presented in this paper there does appear to be some continuity between the Israelite creation account and ancient Near Eastern myths, but the discontinuities are more common and present stronger contrasts. 

            With that stated, readers need to reconcile how these similarities occurred. Was there an oral history of the creation which followers of Yahweh shared and overtime that oral history was adapted into other cultures? Was Moses taking the ancient Near Eastern creation myths (which would he would have known in Egypt) and attributed them to Yahweh? Or are the similarities merely coincidental? This paper has shown there are some similarities, but how those similarities occurred and what they mean are debated among evangelical scholars.

Bibliography

Arnold, Bill T. and John H. Choi. A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Atwell, James. “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1.” Journal of Theological Studies 51 (2000): 441-447.

Barton, George. “Were the Biblical Foundations of Christian Theology Derived from Babylonia?” Journal of Biblical Literature 40, no. 20 (1921): 87-103.

Bulkeley, Tim. “God as Mother? Ideas to Clarify Before We Start.” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 17 (2004): 107-118.

Hasel, Gerhard. “Polemic Nature of the Genesis Cosmology.” Evangelical Quarterly 46 (1974): 81-102.

Hoffmeier, James. “Some Thoughts on Genesis 1 and 2 in Light of Egyptian Cosmology.” Journal of Ancient Near Eastern Society 15 (1983): 39-49.

Johnston, Gordon. “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths.” Bibliotheca Sacra 165 (2008): 178-194.

Kitchen, Kenneth. On the Reliability of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003.

Miller, Johnny and John Soden. In the Beginning . . . We Misunderstood: Interpreting Genesis 1 in Its Original Context. Grand Rapids, MI: Kregel, 2012.

NET Bible, Full Notes Edition. Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson and Biblical Studies, 2019.

Ross, Allen P. “Genesis.” In The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, edited by J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck. Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985.

Sparks, Kenton L. “Genesis 1-11 as Ancient Histography.” In Genesis: History, Fiction, or Neither, 110-139. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015.

Walton, John. “A Historical Adam: Archetypal Creation View.” In Four Views on the Historical Adam, 89–118. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2013.

Webster, Brian L. The Cambridge Introduction to Biblical Hebrew. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Wenham, Gordon. “Genesis 1-11 as Protohistory.” In Genesis: History, Fiction, or Neither, 73-97. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015.

Wright, George. The Old Testament Against Its Environment. SCN Press, 1962.


[1] Gordon Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” Bibliotheca Sacra 165 (2008): 194.

[2] Kenneth Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2003), 420–435.

[3] George Barton, “Were the Biblical Foundations of Christian Theology Derived from Babylonia?” Journal of Biblical Literature 40, no. 20 (1921): 96.

[4] Allen P. Ross, “Genesis” in Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, edited by John F. Walvoord and Roy B. Zuck (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 27.

[5] Unless otherwise noted, Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[6] NET Bible, Full Notes Edition (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson and Biblical Studies Press, 2019), 2.

[7] Brian L. Webster, The Cambridge Introduction to Biblical Hebrew (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009), 108, 264; Bill T. Arnold and John H. Choi, A Guide to Biblical Hebrew Syntax (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003), 86.

[8] Some who do not follow the structure described in the previous section would say God also created ex nihilo because there was nothing before he began to create. Before God began to speak the world into creation (Gen 1:3) the world was formless, empty, and dark (Gen 1:2).

[9] Gen 6:7; Job 40:19; Pss 33:6–9; 102:25-26; 104; 148:1–6; Prov 8:22; Ecc 12:1; Isa 40:28; 43:1, 7; 44:24; 45:8–9; 51:13; 54:16; 65:17; Jer 51:19; John 1:3; Rom 1:20, 25; 4:17; Eph 3:9, 14–15; Col 1:16-7; and Heb 1:2–3.

[10] Tim Bulkeley, “God as Mother? Ideas to Clarify Before We Start,” Asian Journal of Pentecostal Studies 17 (2004): 109.

[11] One is Heliopolis, another is Memphis, and the final one is Hermopolis. See James Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” Journal of Theological Studies 51 (2000), 449

[12] Pyramid Texts (PT), Coffin Texts (CT), Book of the Dead, and Shabaka Stone. See Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 181.

[13] Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” 454.

[14] Johnny Miller and John Soden, In the Beginning. . . We Misunderstood (Grand Rapids, MI: 2012), 77.

[15] Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 194.

[16] Miller and Soden, In the Beginning, 78.

[17] Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 182.

[18] Ibid.

[19] Miller and Soden, In the Beginning, 80.

[20] Ibid., 78.

[21] Ibid., 79.

[22] Gerhard Hasel, “The Polemic Nature of the Genesis Cosmology,” Evangelical Quarterly 46 (1974): 90.

[23] Ibid., 83.

[24] Ibid., 90.

[25] Ibid.

[26] Miller and Soden, In the Beginning, 139–140.

[27] Ibid., 142.

[28] Ibid., 114.

[29] Bulkeley, “God as Mother?,” 108.

[30] Ibid. 

[31] “Man is formed from clay mingled with the blood of Kingu or two Lamga gods (craftsman gods).” James Hoffmeier, “Some Thoughts on Genesis 1 & 2 and Egyptian Cosmology,” Journal of the Ancient Near Eastern Society 15 (1983): 47. Also see George Barton, “Christian Theology from Babylonia?,” 88.

[32] Miller and Soden, In the Beginning, 117.

[33] Gordon Wenham, “Genesis 1–11 as Protohistory” in Genesis: History, Fiction, or Neither, edited Charles Halton (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 85.

[34] Hoffmeier, “Genesis 1 & 2 and Egyptian Cosmology,” 46.

[35] Ibid., 47.

[36] Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 182.

[37] Also see Barton, “Were the Biblical Foundations of Christian Theology Derived from Babylonia?,” 93.

[38] Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” 445.

[39] Miller and Soden, In the Beginning, 93.

[40] Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” 451.

[41] Hoffmeier, “Genesis 1 & 2 and Egyptian Cosmology,” 44; Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 178–179.

[42] Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” 452.

[43] Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 185.

[44] Ibid., 186.

[45] Hasel, “The Polemic Nature of the Genesis Cosmology,”87. Also see Atwell, “An Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” 456.

[46] Gen 6:7; 14:19; Pss 33:6–9; 102:25–26; 104; Isa 40:28; 43:1, 7; 44:24; 45:8–9; 51:13; 54:16; 65:17; Jer 51:19; Mark 10:5–6; John 1:3; Rom 1:20, 25; 4:17; Eph 3:9, 14–15; Col 1:16–17; Heb 1:2-3; James 1:17–18.

[47] George Wright, The Old Testament Against Its Environment (SCM Press, 1962), 22.

[48] Ibid., 26.

[49] Wenham, “Genesis 1–11 as Protohistory,” 84.

[50] Kenton L. Sparks, “Genesis 1–11 as Ancient Histography,” 122–123.

[51] Ibid., 123.

[52] Bulkeley, “God as Mother?,” 110.

[53] Ibid.

[54] Hasel, “The Polemic Nature of the Genesis Cosmology,” 88. Gordon Johnston also affirms this view saying, “More significantly there is no hint of divine conflict between God the primordial waters in Genesis 1.” Gordon Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Egyptian Myths” 179.

[55] Kitchen, On the Reliability of the Old Testament, 427.

[56] Johnston, “Genesis 1 and Ancient Egyptian Creation Myths,” 190.

[57] Ibid., 192.

[58] Ibid., 192.

[59] John Walton, “A Historical Adam: Archetypal Creation View,” in Four Views on the Historical Adam, edited by Matthew Barret and Ardel Caneday (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan: 2013), 99.

[60] Wenham, “Genesis 1-11 as Protohistory,” 85.

[61] One element of the Israelite creation account and ancient Near Eastern creation myths was examined yet was not determined which side of the evidence to be placed. This was the notion of God’s creation divine fiat (mere command). The Israelite creation account is clear that God merely “said” (Gen 1:3, 6, 9, 14, 20, 24) and material creation emerged. While Gordon Johnston (“Genesis and Ancient Creation Myths”, pp. 187–188) and Gerhard Hasel (“Polemic Nature of Genesis Cosmology,” pp. 90–91) each say that creation by mere command is unique only to the Israelite creation account, Miller and Soden (In the Beginning, p. 87) and James Atwell (“Egyptian Source for Genesis 1,” p. 465) believe that creation by mere command was common in ancient Near Eastern myths. Therefore, a decision was not made as to whether creation divine fiat was a continuity or discontinuity. 

Filed Under: Bible Study Resources

An Outline of 1 John

February 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

I. INTRODUCTION (1:1–4)

II. GOD IS LIGHT AND THERE IS NO DARKNESS IN HIM (1:5—3:10)

A. How to Have Fellowship with God (1:5—2:2) – “God ls light” is key statement for 1:5—3:10

Summary Statement: Light (1:5)

1. Fellowship with God Is Fellowship in Light (1:5–7)

1:6—2:1 begin a series of “if” clauses. These divide into pairs of “If we say” followed by a negative statement that possibly represents the claims of the secessionists and their results (vv. 6, 8, 10). Other pairs are “but if we” (1:7), “if we” (1:9), “and if” (2:1). These are positive statements that reflect the counter claims of the author.

The three negative apodoses are intended to bring out the implications of following the opponents teaching. The three positive apodoses statements are intended to bring out the implication of following orthodox (apostolic) teaching of the author.[1]

a) Claim #1 – Those in Darkness (1:6)[2]                     b) Counter-claim #1 – Cleansed (1:7)[3]

2. Fellowship with God is Fellowship Absent from Sin (1:8—2:2)

a) Claim #2. – Those in Deception (1:8)                    b) Counter-claim #2 – Confessing (1:9)

c) Claim #3 – Those Who Defame God (1:10)          d) Counter-claim #3 – Conquering (2:1a)

B. How We Have Intimate Knowledge of God (2:3–11). This section has three requirements to have intimate knowledge of God. “The one who says” ho legon / ὁ λέγων at the beginning of 2:4, 6, 9 are three participles— are claims that indirectly reference the claim of John’s opponents. Each of these claims draw on the immediately preceded theme. For example, 2:4a is from 2:3, 2:6a is from 2:5, 2:9a from 2:8

1. By Keeping His Word (vv. 3–5) – Obedient Love

2. By Walking as Jesus Walked in His Light (vv. 6–8) – Abiding Love

3. By Loving His Brothers (vv. 9–11) – Light Love

C. How We Have a Relationship with God (2:12–17). This section gives John’s readers assurance that they are known by God. In this section John is addressing his readers with words of assurance.

1. By Being God’s Children, Not Children of the Evil One (vv. 12–14). These three verses assure John’s readers of their salvation.  

2. By Loving His Father, and Not the World (vv. 15–17). These three verses urge John’s readers to reject an evil love of the world.

D. How to Maintain that Relationship in the Future (2:18–27). This section gives strong concerns of the secessionist opponents.

1. An Anti-Christ is Coming (vv. 18–19)

2. An Anointing Has Occurred (vv. 20–23)

3. An Abiding to What Was Taught (vv. 24–26)

4. An Appeal to Continue in What Was Taught (v. 27)

E. How to Be Prepared for the Coming of Christ (2:28—3:10)

1. Abide in Him and Practice Righteousness (2:28–29)

2. Purify Yourselves in Preparation for Purity (3:1–3)

3. Practice Righteousness While Purging Evil from Your Life (3:4–8)

4. Born of God Means Being a Good Person (3:9–10)

III. WE ARE GODLY AND THERE IS NO DARKNESS IN US (3:11—5:12)

A. Commands for Love (3:11–24)

1. Love One Another Thoughtfully (vv. 11–12)

2. Love One Another Tangibly by Sacrificing and Giving (vv. 13–17)

3. Love One Another Tenaciously by Keeping God’s Commands (vv. 18–24)

B. Cautions for Life (4:1–6)

1. How to Test Spirits (vv. 1–3)

2. How to Listen to God (vv. 4–6)

C. Conditions for Godliness (4:7—5:4a)

1. God’s Character of Love (4:7–10)

2. God’s Command of Love (4:11–16a)

3. God’s Continual Love (4:16b–19)

4. God’s Children of Love (4:20—5:4a)

D. Characteristics of God (5:4b–12)

1. Task and the Work on Christ (vv. 4b–8)

2. Testimony and The Witness of God Concerning the Son (vv. 9–12)

IV. CONCLUSION (5:13–21)

A. Assurance of Christian Life that Is Eternal (5:13)

B. Applications of Christian Life That Is Eternal (5:14–21)

1. Consistent Prayer and Omission of Sin (vv. 14–17)

2. Birth of God and Distance from Evil (vv. 18–21)

Gnosticism. Denied the essential truth of the incarnation that Christ came in the flesh. It saw matter as evil and spirit as good. They believed in the deliverance of the flesh by acquiring knowledge. Gnosticism comes from the Greek word, ginoscow, “to know.” This doctrine of Gnosticism is combatted in 1 Jn 2:22; 4:3. The Gnostics believed that since all matter was evil, Jesus did not come in the flesh. Thus, they rejected the doctrine of Jesus as the god-man. It is possible, based on 1 John 1:6, 9, that the Gnostics believed they had achieved a level of sinlessness. Or like some later Gnostics, that they believed the sins they committed were not sinful.[4]

Docetism. Believed Jesus’ humanity was not real. Said Jesus only appeared to have a physical body. Comes from Greek word, dokeo, “to seem” or “to appear.” It was a branch of Gnosticism. Also rejected the incarnation. Believed the Christ—who was good—could not become flesh because flesh was bad. Also combatted in 2:22; 4:3. They said Jesus only appeared to be a man or only seemed to be a man. Was taught by Saturnius who said Jesus was without birth, without body, and without figure. 

Cerinthianism. Taught that Jesus was only a man, that the divine Christ descended on Jesus at baptism, that the divine Christ left Jesus at crucifixion. Possibly combatted in 2:23ff; 5:6. Cerinthus was an Egyptian man that came to Ephesus and was an opponent of John.[5]

Genre of the Letter

You might have noticed this letter is not a typical NT letter like Paul, Peter, James, Heb, Jude, or 1/2 Jn.

1 Jn does not conform to the normal structure of New Testament letters. There’s no greeting, no personal name, no thanksgiving, no conclusion/introduction.

Audience of the Letter People that were part of the church, in Ephesus within Asia Minor. See 1 Jn 2:12–14, 20–21, 27; 3:1–2, 13, 18; 4:1, 4, 7, 11; 5:13. But some have left the church (Jn 2:18–19, 22; 4:3).


[1] Harris, 1, 2, 3 John, 60–61.

[2] Claim titles are from MacArthur, 1, 2, 3 John, 28–30.

[3] Counter-claim titles are from MacArthur, 1, 2, 3 John, 36–41.

[4] Keener, Bible Background Commentary, 708.

[5] Carson & Moo, Introduction to the NT, 679.

[1] This outlined is based on the structure of 1 John articulated in W. Hall Harris’s commentary, 1, 2, 3 John: Comfort and Counsel for a Church in Crisis, 2nd edition (Biblical Studies Press, 2003).

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

12. The Test (2 Cor 13:5)

February 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In order to graduate high school I had to pass what was called an “exit exam.” It was a basic test of math, English, science, and social studies. My entire primary education—kindergarten through twelfth grade—was meant to prepare me to pass this test. And that test was designed in a way that it would be easy to pass for anyone that attended school and done the work.

            The apostle Paul describes a test he hopes the Corinthians would be able to pass when he writes, “Test yourselves to see if you are in the faith; examine yourselves! Or do you not recognize this about yourselves, that Jesus Christ is in you—unless indeed you fail the test?” (2 Corinthians 13:5, NASB).[1] Just a reminder about the context of this letter. 2 Corinthians is Paul’s most personal of all thirteen of his letters which we have in our Bible. As Paul has spent twelve chapters getting personal with the Corinthians, now it’s their turn to get personal and evaluate themselves. Notice he uses “yourselves” three times in this one verse.

            One must ask, does this verse describe positional justification (a Christian’s salvation) or practical sanctification (a Christian’s growth)? I believe it is asking for proof of practical sanctification (which therefore proves that positional justification has already occurred). Practical sanctification occurs from the witness of the Holy Spirit in our hearts (Romans 8:9, 16), when we love others (1 John 3:14), practicing righteousness (1 John 2:29; 3:19 or 3:9), and when we are separated from the world (1 John 2:29; 3:9).

            Paul is encouraging the Corinthians to examine themselves to see if Jesus is in them. Thus it causes them to reflect on Christ being in them and working through them in their daily walk with Him. It is a test meant to prove that they have placed their faith in Christ and as a result Christ lives in them.

            Paul’s words here are not intended to cause us to doubt our salvation, but instead to assure us of the faith we have already placed in Him or help us recognize that we have been given the right answers for the test. Our Christian lives should be our “exit exam” and proof that we have passed the test.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

11. The Battle Within (2 Cor 10:3-5)

February 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Every Christian is in a battle fought with weapons. The apostle Paul writes to the believers in the city of Corinth about that battle and those weapons, “For though we walk in the flesh, we do not war according to the flesh, for the weapons of our warfare are not of the flesh, but divinely powerful for the destruction of fortresses. We are destroying speculations and every lofty thing raised up against the knowledge of God, and we are taking every thought captive to the obedience of Christ” (2 Corinthians 10:3-5, NASB).[1]

            As Paul writes these words near the end of his letter it’s important to remember the context of what he writes. Earlier in Paul’s letters to the Corinthians he mentions that the Corinthians had been influenced by impressive credentials (1 Corinthians 1:26), that they liked polished speech (1 Corinthians 2:1), and that they were evaluating things according to the flesh (2 Corinthians 10:2). Yet Paul intentionally did not use those items when he wrote to the Corinthians. Paul tosses those methods of persuasion out (Philippians 3:4-8).

            Instead he used the word of God and prayer (Ephesians 6:17-18) and he depended on God for strength (1 Corinthians 2:4-5) because his goal was to make people obedient to Christ and not to Himself (1 Corinthians 2:5).

            Paul’s words in 2 Corinthians remind us that he’s not fighting the outward war like everyone else (v. 3) because the weapons of a Christian are not of the earth (v. 4), instead we fight the war with our thoughts and our minds (v. 5). One way we wage our war with our minds is through the Word of God. “And take the helmet of salvation, and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God” (Ephesians 6:17). We must read it, memorize it, and meditate on it daily.

            A second way we wage war with our minds is through the Holy Spirit’s help. The third member of the Godhead—the Holy Spirit—indwells us and guides us (1 Corinthians 6:19). He gives us the right words to say in difficult circumstances, He cautions us on what not to say, and He brings memories back to our minds when we might need them in the fight that we are engaged in every day (John 16:12-15). As humans we are weak in the flesh, but with the Holy Spirit living inside of us (Ephesians 5:18) we are strong (Galatians 5:22-23).

            A third way we wage war with our minds is through prayer. “With all prayer and petition pray at all times in the Spirit, and with this in view, be on the alert with all perseverance and petition for all the saints” (Eph 6:18). We do not just pray in the morning or in the evening before bed, we should engage in prayer throughout the day. 1 Thessalonians 5:17 tells us to “pray without ceasing.”  

            Our battle as Christians is a tough one. We might not have the scientific knowledge or ability to argue with philosophy like some people do in our culture, but through the Word of God, the Holy Spirit’s help, and regular prayer, we can battle the flesh with our minds.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

10. The Trust of Giving (2 Cor 9:6-8)

February 19, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Pastor and Bible teacher J. Vernon McGee was preaching in Arkansas when someone from Oklahoma approached him after his sermon. The woman was from Tishomingo, Oklahoma which was the city in which McGee’s father died in an accident at work and was where McGee’s father was buried.

            The woman was about McGee’s age. As she approached him she told him that she and her mother had cooked and delivered meals to his bereaved family in the months following his father’s death. The woman said to McGee, “I never knew that years later I would be listening to you. We gave you physical food, and now you supply spiritual food for us.”[1] That woman’s story is an example of why it is important that we give to others. Paul writes about the importance of us giving to others in 2 Corinthians 9:6-8,

            “Now this I say, he who sows sparingly will also reap sparingly, and he who sows bountifully will also reap bountifully. Each one must do just as he has purposed in his heart, not grudgingly or under compulsion, for God loves a cheerful giver. And God is able to make all grace abound to you, so that always having all sufficiency in everything, you may have an abundance for every good deed;”[2]

            Here are a few principles Paul describes for us that we should apply to our giving. First, our giving should be generous. Paul says we should sow “abundantly” (v. 6).[3] Our giving should be generous and significant for us. Second, our giving should be intentional. The Greek word for “purposed” (v. 7) has the idea of choosing beforehand or deciding ahead of time. Our giving should be planned ahead of time. Third, our giving should be auspicious. This is something we do in a “cheerful” (v. 7) way. We should consider it a privilege to give to our Lord through the ministry of a local church.

            Giving might not be easy to begin but we should start because Paul tells us God will supply the generous cheerful giver with enough to meet his or her needs and enough to meet the needs of others. Giving can be a tough thing to start, but once we do it in a generous, intentional, and cheerful way, we will find there are benefits to others and eventually to ourselves, just as that woman discovered who had fed J. Vernon McGee years ago.


[1] J. Vernon McGee, 2 Corinthians (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, ), 133.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] The idea of the “tithe” is not mentioned in the New Testament, yet I believe it is a good place to start if you are not sure about how much to give.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

9. Growth through Sorrow (2 Cor 7:10)

February 18, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Many times I wish I could unsend some of the emails I have composed. I will send something and wish that I had not hit that “send” button. This often leads to sorrow and an apology I make to the person to whom I sent the email. Yet each time it happens, I feel I grow in my discernment about what should or shouldn’t be handled by email, and these sorrowful feelings and apologies happen much less often now than they used to occur years ago.

            The apostle Paul felt the same way with one of the letters he sent to the believers in the city of Corinth. “For the sorrow that is according to the will of God produces a repentance without regret, leading to salvation, but the sorrow of the world produces death” (2 Corinthians 7:10, NASB).[1]

            The specific event that Paul is referring to here is the third letter that he wrote to the believers in the city of Corinth. That third letter was carried by Titus (2 Corinthians 7:8-12)[2] and was direct and severe in its criticism of the Corinthians. In that letter Paul rebuked the Corinthians for tolerating a sinning member in the congregation. After sending it, apparently Paul wished he had not sent it.

            In 2 Corinthians 7:10 Paul tells his readers that the sorrow that the world feels is pointless while the sorrow that Christians feel has a purpose. When Christians make mistakes we have a purpose in our growth which is to become more like Christ each and everyday. “When Christ, who is our life, is revealed, then you also will be revealed with Him in glory” (Colossians 3:4).

            For Christians, the point of our sorrow is growth. Paul had learned how his letter hurt the Corinthians and as a result Paul grew through that experience. “If we want to succeed in life and to learn from our losses, we must be able to face reality and use it to create a foundation for growth”[3] We too, each day, have opportunities to grow in our faith. Sometimes it comes through our mistakes, but those mistakes bring sorrow that makes us grow more like Christ.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Paul wrote four letters to the believers in the city of Corinth. The first letter was lost and we do not have it (see 1 Corinthians 5:9). The second letter is what we often call “1 Corinthians” which Paul wrote from Ephesus (see 1 Corinthians 16:8). The third letter is this “sharp” letter that Paul wrote and which Titus delivered to the believers in Corinth (see 2 Corinthians 7:1-18). The fourth letter is what we often call “2 Corinthians” which Paul wrote seven months after 1 Corinthians.

[3] John C. Maxwell, Sometimes You Win—Sometimes You Learn (New York, NY: Hachette Book Group, 2013), 41.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

8. Partner Prerequisites (2 Cor 6:14-18)

February 17, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

A popular pastor of a large and growing church in Atlanta, Georgia was approached by a rock concert promoter. The concert promoter had heard the pastor was looking for a new location for his large and growing congregation.

            The concert promoter had an idea he shared with the church pastor: “I’ll build a new concert location and you can build your new church on an adjacent property that I will donate to you. We can share the parking needs that we both have. If you allow our concert attendees to use your parking at nights you can use our concert stadium on Easter Sundays.”

            But the conversation between the Christian pastor and non-Christian concert promoter stopped when someone reminded the pastor of a few brief verses from the apostle Paul that prohibits Christians from partnering in a close way with unbelievers. The apostle Paul writes about this in 2 Corinthians 6:14-18,

“Do not be bound together with unbelievers; for what partnership have righteousness and lawlessness, or what fellowship has light with darkness? Or what harmony has Christ with Belial, or what has a believer in common with an unbeliever? Or what agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; just as God said, “I will dwell in them and walk among them; And I will be their God, and they shall be My people. Therefore, come out from their midst and be separate,” says the Lord. “And do not touch what is unclean; And I will welcome you. And I will be a father to you, And you shall be sons and daughters to Me,” Says the Lord Almighty. (NASB)[1]

              Paul makes it clear believers are not supposed to enter into close partnerships with unbelievers. The prohibition is a formal long-term contract based relationship.[2] The phrase “bound together” in verse 14 comes from the word for yoking animals together as they plow a field. Paul is probably drawing on the Old Testament principle of Deuteronomy 22:10, “You shall not plow with an ox and a donkey together.” An oxen and donkey each pull differently which makes plowing in a straight line almost impossible.

            There are three areas that we as Christians should avoid partnering with unbelievers in: ministry, marriage, and business.

            In ministry there is a focus that we need to have about separating from false teachers troubling the church. We as believers should partner with Christian churches that agree with us on the core doctrines of orthodox Christianity.

            In marriage a Christian should not marry a non-Christian. Now, just because you marry a Christian does not guarantee happiness and a trouble free marriage. But if you are a committed Christian and you marry a non-Christian, you are setting yourself up for misery and possibly failure.[3] Love is blinding. Some of us desire to love someone and be loved so much that we can accidently find ourselves dating someone that does not share the same commitment to God that we have. Before we know it we are attending church alone on Sundays, praying by ourselves, and wishing our spouse had the same fervor for God that we have. Sadly I’ve observed too many couples that struggle in marriage because their love of God is not equal. But what does it mean to not be “bound together” with an “unbeliever” (v. 14)? Let me put it this way, if you find the person you are dating is “tolerating your faith” or “supports you and your faith” then you are bound together with a non-Christian. A believer is someone that wants to still attend church on a Sunday when you are sick and unable to attend. A believer is someone that has a Bible and knows how to locate Scripture within it when asked. A believer is someone willing to pray aloud in front of you.

            In business we also need to caution ourselves to not enter into close partnerships with unbelievers. Does this mean we make sure the clerk at Winco is a Christian before we allow him to ring up our groceries? Does this mean we only let the Christian barista prepare our coffee? Does it mean the person preparing our hamburger has to be a devoted believer? Of course not, the partnership Paul restricts is a closely bound long-term mutual relationship that involves a contract. J Vernon McGee says “A child of God and a child of the Devil cannot be yoked together and pull together in their life goals.”[4] If a Christian and an unbeliever partner in business then problems will arise because of the differing values that each person may have.

            Ministry should have two churches each equally devoted to God and obeying His Word. Marriage should include two equally committed Christians. A business venture should include two partners that each share a faith in God. We can be tempted to enter into a ministry partnership, marriage, or business venture, but we need to be committed to following God’s Word even if it costs us dearly. That pastor of that growing church turned down the rock concert promoter’s offer to partner in building a new church and parking lot that they could share. It was hard for him to do that, but he knew he had to as a believer committed to following God’s Scripture. A short time later God provided a new location and new opportunity for him that worked better for his church than the original location the non-Christian concert promoter had suggested.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Charles Swindoll, Insights on 1 & 2 Corinthians (Carol Stream, IL: 2017), 383.

[3] Thankfully, I have never been asked to marry a Christian and non-Christian. But if proposed with the scenario I would need to decline the request.

[4] J Vernon McGee, 2 Corinthians (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 1991),  83.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

7. An Ambassador for Christ (2 Cor 5:20)

February 15, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In seminary I worked as a caddie at a private golf club which provided lots of time to talk with my coworkers. Time after time they shared stories of disappointment and disgust about church and Christians.

            They talked about TV pastors getting rich from the pennies of poor elderly women. They talked about local pastors that were caught having affairs with women in the church. They talked about so-called internet pastors who fancied themselves as “apologists” that could disprove evolution when the pastor had no training or knowledge of basic science.

            I sometimes wondered if there was any Christian that was serving as a bridge—an ambassador—to draw that person to Christ.

            In the Old Testament the nation of Israel was isolated. They didn’t use ambassadors. Additionally, God had told his people that he wanted them to be separate from the other nations around them. They were supposed to be unique, holy, and not compromised by neighboring nations (Exodus 19:6).

            But that changed in the New Testament. Paul wrote, “Therefore, we are ambassadors for Christ, as though God were making an appeal through us; we beg you on behalf of Christ, be reconciled to God” (2 Corinthians 5:20, NASB).[1] Paul says we Christians are supposed to be Christ’s ambassadors. The Greek Word Paul uses here is presbeuo which Paul also uses in Ephesians 6:20, “for which I am an ambassador in chains; that in proclaiming it I may speak boldly, as I ought to speak.”

            The word picture Paul paints in his readers’ minds is someone that represents where he is from (his home country) and where he goes (a foreign country). For us, our citizenship is in heaven, but God has placed us on earth to represent Him. That’s what an ambassador is.   

            I was a Christian attending seminary in order to become a pastor. While working at that golf course I served as Christ’s ambassador. This might have been one of the first times these guys met and interacted with a real Christian.

            As a strong Christian I knew that my “citizenship is in heaven” (Philippians 3:20), but my place of employment was a secular job with earthly guys who were living immoral lives. But that’s where ministry happens! The first step of serving as Christ’s ambassador starts with being in a foreign nation..

            This position as ambassadors is a position we hold. God has given us a new heart and regenerated us (Jeremiah 31:31-33), we have been born again (John 3:3-8), and because of that we have been adopted by God (Galatians 3:26-27, 29-4:7). We truly “are” Christ’s ambassadors.

            It’s a place we get to enjoy. We didn’t earn that place and we didn’t deserve it (Romans 3:23; 6:23). Instead, God gave us a gift of salvation through faith (Romans 5:8; 6:23). That faith saves us from death and gives us eternal life (Romans 10:9-10). Because we call on Jesus we will not die, but instead will live with him forever (Romans 10:13).

            If we follow the ambassador metaphor, you could say it is an “office” we are placed in. But what is this “position” or “office” used for?

            It’s not enough to just “be.” Paul wants people to be “for Christ.” This means going places we might not otherwise go. I have a friend that likes to go to bars because he knows he will meet non-Christians that are going through difficult times. (He doesn’t have a beer, but he sits and talks.) I have another friend who prepares his sermons at Panera Bread because he wants to be around real people living real life while he prepares his messages. A senior pastor I used to work for spent as much time as possible at a locally-owned coffee shop because he wanted to connect with the people that lived and work nearby our church.

            To be “for Christ” means we are out in the community representing Him. We are trying our best to get to know others and love them. Why? This love for others is based on our love for God. Because we “love, because He first loved us” (1 John 4:19).

            God loved us before we knew Him, followed Him, or loved Him. Likewise, we too must love others even before they know us or love us. That’s how we are “for Christ” showing love to others before they know us or Christ.

            We are His ambassadors representing His love in a foreign nation—the world—to people that don’t know Him.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

6. Gospel Change (2 Cor 5:17, 21)

February 15, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Mona spent decades as a meth addict. But after having three daughters with three different men and a couple decades of living the drug-addicted life, she decided she was done. She had been to church before as a young woman. She knew about Jesus. But she had never really placed her faith in Him for her salvation nor had she committed herself to follow Him.  

          But something was different. She went to church, got saved, and decided she was done with drugs. For decades drugs had power over her and controlled her, but after committing her life to follow Jesus everything changed. She left the abusive relationship she was in, she no longer craved drugs, and she started taking steps to get a job and be a better mother to her three daughters.

          Mona told her story to whoever she could. She often told people she was amazed that she was able to leave her previous lifestyle and that she thought nothing would ever change. But God did the work. God removed her addiction. God gave her the courage to leave that relationship. And God helped her become a better mom.

          When we hear these stories they are encouraging reminders for us that Jesus makes us new when we place our faith in Him for salvation.

          “Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come.” (2 Corinthians 5:17, NASB). The source of the new creation is shared by Paul a couple verses later, “He [God] made Him [Jesus] who knew no sin to be sin on our behalf, so that we might become the righteousness of God in Him” (2 Corinthians 5:21, NASB).[1]

          I trust that you have experienced changes when you placed your faith in Christ. Perhaps not as drastically as Mona, but I’m sure there are things that have changed. Maybe it was a struggle with drinking alcohol, the language you use, eating habits, gossip, affinity for gambling, or a weekly glance at pornography. The grace of God makes us into a new creation.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

4. The Smell of a Christian (2 Cor 2:14-16)

February 13, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The apostle Paul describes his ministry in 2 Corinthians 2:14 through 6:10 in a more authentic way than anywhere else. He starts this long section in this way, “But thanks be to God, who always leads us in triumph in Christ, and manifests through us the sweet aroma of the knowledge of Him in every place. For we are a fragrance of Christ to God among those who are being saved and among those who are perishing; to the one an aroma from death to death, to the other an aroma from life to life. And who is adequate for these things?” (2 Corinthians 2:14–16, NASB).[1]

            There are a couple cultural images that Paul utilizes which are easy for us to miss. First, in verse fourteen when he writes, “God, who leads us in triumph in Christ,” likely is an intentional connection to how a Roman conqueror of their time would lead his captives in triumph around a city that he had recently subjugated.

            When Paul writes this it means that we don’t lead, but instead we follow the lead of Jesus. Christ is our king and the one that leads us into battle. Effective ministry only happens when we are in the wake of Christ who goes ahead of us making a path for us to follow. One commentary I read this week put it like this: “If we were to keep this principle in the center of our focus, we would see fewer names on ministries, projects, buildings, and churches. People would give anonymously, lead from among the ranks, and seek their reward from Christ in the future rather than recognition from Christians in the present”[2]

            The second cultural image is in verses fifteen and sixteen when Paul writes, “we are a fragrance of Christ among . . . saved and . . . perishing.” This is an additional connection to a Roman conqueror of their time. When the Roman conqueror would parade around a city in triumph often there would be a procession that included priests that would carry giant censers of smoking incense. The smell would saturate the air around the celebrators in gladness and the conquered in sadness. When we follow Jesus we should give off an aroma with our words and our works. These things either encourage people to accept our beliefs about God or to reject them. This also means we feature God’s grace for others to enjoy.

            Wherever we go in life it is good to remember that we are following Jesus as we do ministry. And that we have a smell that should saturate the area around us which draws others to follow Jesus with us. That is, the smell of a Christian.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Charles Swindoll, “Insights on 1 & 2 Corinthians” (Carol Stream, IL: Tyndale Publishers, 2017), 316.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

3. The Necessity of Forgiveness (2 Cor 2:10-11)

February 11, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Forgiveness is almost a dangerous word to some people. They don’t forgive and they definitely don’t forget. Furthermore, they won’t let us forget either, even if we are not the one that did wrong to them.

            Apparently there was an issue with a man that had caused sorrow to the Corinthians (1 Corinthians 2:5). As a result the church in Corinth had punished the man (v. 6), and the apostle Paul tells them that since he had been punished the people now need to forgive the man (v. 7).

            Up until this point Paul has had many interactions with the believers in the city of Corinth. 2 Corinthians was written after Paul had already made two visits to the Corinthians and he had sent them three letters. (We don’t have the first letter referenced in 1 Corinthians 5:9, 1 Corinthians was written from Ephesus as described in 1 Corinthians 16:8, there was a “sharp letter” Paul wrote which was carried by Titus according to 2 Corinthians 7:8-12 that we don’t have, and 2 Corinthians was written seven months after 1 Corinthians.)

            Paul describes the importance of forgiveness writing, “But one whom you forgive anything, I forgive also; for indeed what I have forgiven, if I have forgiven anything, I did it for your sakes in the presence of Christ, so that no advantage would be taken of us by Satan, for we are not ignorant of his schemes” (2 Corinthians 2:10–11, NASB).[1]

            Forgiveness is important because Paul knows Satan will take our unforgiveness and he will transform it into hate. He takes a small matter and festers it into something worse. Satan will take our unforgiveness and use it as an opportunity to take advantage of us. For Christians the best way to battle Satan is to forgive others.

            In his book, I Am a Church Member, church consultant Thom Rainer writes, “Each local church is made up of imperfect members and imperfect pastors. We will make mistakes. We will all sin. Yes, we are all hypocrites. Church unity is torn apart when members refuse to forgive, when any member is too prideful to grant forgiveness.”[2]

            Forgiveness is difficult, but we need to forgive others that have wronged us. It might mean we talk with a counselor about our issues, work through our issues by journaling about them, joining a support group, or reading a book like Lysa TerKeurst’s book, Forgiving What You Can’t Forget: Discover How to Move On, Make Peace with Painful Memories, and Create a Life That’s Beautiful Again (Nashville, TN: Thomas Nelson, 2020). Forgiveness is hard, but necessary—not just for ourselves—but because of the battle against Satan we fight every day.

             Is there someone we need to forgive? Is there an issue that has been nagging us? Do we find ourselves thinking about that person while are driving our car? When we lay in bed at night do we think about that person? Is there an unresolved topic that comes up in our conversations with others? If so, let’s start taking steps toward forgiveness.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Thom Rainer, I Am a Church Member (Nashville, NT: B&H Publishing, 2013), 28.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

12. Striving in Ministry (1 Cor 15:58)

February 9, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“I need to meet with you and the guys from our Bible study today” my friend urgently said on the phone. Tears streamed down his cheeks as my friend told the four of us how he started using cocaine, again. After six months in a rehab facility and more than a year of sobriety after that, he was back on drugs.

            The tears continued to drip as he told us how it all happened. It started with stress as he approached his wedding day. He started drinking alcohol to help him relax. Then a coworker offered him marijuana and he accepted. He progressed to stealing and selling his wife’s beloved family heirlooms in order to get money needed for cocaine highs. Eventually his wife noticed items missing in their house and confronted him.

            All of this was occurring while the four of us met for Bible study each Wednesday. If there was one safe group for him to have shared his struggles, it would have been with us. But he didn’t. He hid his struggles from his family and from the guys he was supposed to share his struggles with when he needed.

            Shame, embarrassment, and guilt were already there. He didn’t need any more of that from us. He knew he messed up. He needed assurance we were there for him and he needed a reminder that we are all fighting our own battles.

            Paul told the believers living in Corinth, “Therefore, my beloved brethren, be steadfast, immovable, always abounding in the work of the Lord, knowing that your toil is not in vain in the Lord” (1 Corinthians 15:58, NASB).[1]

            In 1 Corinthians 15 Paul has been talking about the resurrection of believers and our hope for the future. That’s the source of hope for the future and incentive for service in the present. As Paul approaches the end of this glorious chapter on the resurrection he reminds the believers to keep strong in their daily walk with God.

            There will be setbacks in our Christian life. We will have times when we struggle with temptation, say the wrong things at the worst time, and fail to follow through on commitments we make to others. But it’s important not to get bogged down with the struggles, but to strive to live faithfully to God and continue in ministry. We can’t earn God’s gift of salvation. But once we accept that gift we don’t sit on it. We actively serve God in ministry.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

11. The Resurrection Remodel (1 Cor 15:51-52)

February 8, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In a recent trip to Barnes and Noble bookstore I was reminded how large the “mystery” section of bookstores normally is. Several bookcases with five shelves per case were packed with eye-catching art and edgy titles designed to elicit wonder and draw me into the content.

            While our culture is intrigued with the “mystery” genre of books, the Bible contains mystery as well. Mystery is defined as “a religious truth that one can know only by revelation and cannot fully understand.”[1]

            Two parts of that definition relate to the passage I’m about to share with you from 1 Corinthians. First, religious truth is only revealed by God. The Bible is God’s inspired Word to us. It reveals God’s character, truth about our world, and principles for Christian living. Second, we cannot fully understand it. There are some parts of Scripture and doctrine that are not as clear as we would hope.

            The apostle Paul describes some of the “mystery” of the end times when describing the rapture and resurrection in 1 Corinthians 15:51-52:

            “Behold, I tell you a mystery; we will not all sleep, but we will all be changed, in a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trumpet; for the trumpet will sound, and the dead will be raised imperishable and we will be changed.”[2]

            The mystery that Paul is describing is the resurrection of believers when Jesus Christ returns to the earth. What Paul was telling the believers in Corinth was that when Christ returns all the dead believers will have resurrected bodies.

            But what about the believers alive when Christ returns? Those alive when Christ returns will be transformed and changed. This is called the rapture. Our new body at the resurrection and rapture will be unlike the one we have now. It will be “a Spiritual Body partaking of the nature of God’s own Heavenly Glory.”[3]

            When Christ returns we will be raptured (if still alive) or resurrected (if dead) and taken away to spend eternity with God. We should look forward to the rapture and resurrection with hope and positive anticipation. Our physical pain will go away. Our emotional strain will disappear. And our spiritual sufferings will be gone!


[1] Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary (Springfield, MA: 2020). 11th edition.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] Henry H. Halley, Halley’s Bible Handbook (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1965). 24th edition, p. 600.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

2. The Buck Stops with God (2 Cor 1:21, 22)

February 8, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“The buck stops here” is a saying we’ve heard many times. Perhaps most famously from former US President, Harry S. Truman. He regularly said “The Buck Stops Here” in speeches and he even had a sign made and placed it on his desk in the Oval Office.[1] As believers we have a slightly different saying. We could alter it to, “The buck stops with God.” And that’s how Paul saw his ministry and his life.

            Paul wrote in one of his letters to the believers in the city of Corinth, “Now He who establishes us with you in Christ and anointed us is God” (2 Corinthians 1:21, NASB, emphasis added).[2] Paul describes God’s direction for his life and how God’s direction was different than his personal desires. Paul is telling us that God was in control of his life. Paul continues that it was God “who also sealed us and gave us the Spirit in our hearts as a pledge” (2 Corinthians 1:22, emphasis added). Here the word “seal” indicates ownership, authentication, and security.[3] The word “pledge” is a guarantee of God fulfilling his promises.

            Paul shared similar assurances in his letter to the believers in Ephesus, “In Him, you also, after listening to the message of truth, the gospel of your salvation—having also believed, you were sealed in Him with the Holy Spirit of promise, who is given as a pledge of our inheritance, with a view to the redemption of God’s own possession, to the praise of His glory” (Ephesians 1:13-14, emphasis added). These types of assurances that God has a hold of us and that His Spirit indwells us should free us up to do ministry in our churches, work hard at our jobs, and love our families well.

            Cooper Kupp is a wide receiver in the National Football League. While performing well individually and reaching the Super Bowl game as a member of the Los Angeles Rams in 2022 he was asked by reporters what kind of pressure he felt to perform in the biggest game of his career. He casually replied, “My motivation coming in every single day is to run the race in such a way as to honor God with the passions and the talents that He’s given me.”[4] Imagine the pressure a young twenty-something year-old feels playing football in front of 60 million people watching. But when you know you are placed where you are by God and for a purpose by God, it removes all the pressure.

            We too can experience that release as well. It’s nice to know the buck stops with God. Why? Because that means it does not stop with us! That’s comforting. And it takes the pressure off of us. While we might experience struggles and difficulties in the place we are in now, the buck stops with God. He’s placed us where He wants us and we are there to give Him glory.


[1] “The Buck Stops Here” Harry Truman, https://www.trumanlibrary.gov/education/trivia/buck-stops-here-sign. Accessed January 12, 2022.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] Murray Harris, 2 Corinthians, New International Greek Commentary (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 2005), 207.

[4] “Rams WR Cooper Kupp finds ultimate purpose in honoring God on journey to Super Bowl” by Joshua Doering. February 9, 2022 at Sports and Spectrum.  https://sportsspectrum.com/sport/football/2022/02/09/cooper-kupp-purpose-honoring-god-super-bowl/. Accessed January 12, 2022.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

1. Suffering for Others (1 Cor 1:3-4)

February 8, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

An 80 year-old man still talks about a miscarriage him and his wife had when they were in their twenties. It was painful and hurtful. It was devastating to them. But to this day, more than 50 years later, he knows that experience has helped him comfort others. In his words, “I would never be able to comfort others experiencing the grief of a miscarriage if I had not myself been through the pain of a miscarriage.” But that man’s sentiment is not new. Paul wrote something similar to the believers living in the city of Corinth.

            “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our affliction so that we will be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God” (2 Corinthians 1:3-4, NASB).[1]

            Let me, if I may, point out a few important things in these two verses. Notice Paul tells us that God comforts us in “all” of our afflictions. Every emotional thought and every painful tear involve God’s comfort. A boyfriend cheating on us, a job taken away from us, a marriage that slips away from us, or time of good health that alludes us. He is with us through each and every painful experience we endure.  

            Let’s also notice that there’s a purpose Paul describes in the comforting that occurs in affliction. Paul writes that God comforts us in our affliction “so that” we may be able to comfort others in their affliction. I know that it might sound cliché that we are in affliction and comforted in that affliction so that we can comfort others. While suffering and difficult experiences cause us severe pain, we must remember that those experiences often serve a purpose later to comfort others.

            Pastor Tony Evans writes about these verses, “If anyone assures you that you can avoid suffering like health problems, mental anguish, relationship difficulties, or financial straits—provided that you have enough faith—they’re not telling you the truth. Paul was a visible and verbal follower of Christ who stood head and shoulders above other Christians in terms of faithfulness. And he suffered greatly—not in spite of his faith but because of his faith in and obedience to Christ. Paul’s suffering and ours is directly related to God’s purpose of using us to minister to others.”[2]

            I know most of us reading these words right now are going through tough times of suffering. But God’s message to us in 1 Corinthians is that He will comfort us at this time during our affliction, and He will give us plenty of opportunities in the future to comfort others as they experience similar afflictions in which we’ve already endured.  


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Tony Evans, The Tony Evans Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2019), 1180.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

10. The Christian’s Secret Sauce (1 Cor 13:4-7)

February 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In a recent interview NASCAR driver Jimmy Johnson revealed his “secret sauce” for his racing success. In his career when he won five straight NASCAR championships and later won two more which tied him with Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt Sr. But Jimmy had a “secret sauce” that him and his crew chief followed that led to their success.

            It was testing. Jimmy and his team would drive to racetracks during the week and test their cars for hours at a time. They’d try different shocks in the car springs, different air pressures in the tires, or adjust the suspension higher or lower. He describes those testing trips to different race tracks as the “secret sauce” that led to his success.

            For believers, we too have a secret sauce. Ours does not deal with practice in race cars. Ours is about love for others. Paul describes that love in the thirteenth chapter of 1 Corinthians:

            “Love is patient, love is kind and is not jealous; love does not brag and is not arrogant, does not act unbecomingly; it does not seek its own, is not provoked, does not take into account a wrong suffered, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth; bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things” (1 Corinthians 13:4-7, NASB)[1]

            When someone says something mean, we respond in love by being kind (even when we want to say something mean back at them). When someone fails to follow through on a commitment, we respond in love by offering them another chance (even when we want to explain how much the person disappointed us).

            Last week I arrived at a coffee shop in which I had prearranged (and prepaid) for a large batch of coffee to be prepared for me to take to the public school staff next to our church. As I arrived at the coffee shop the coffee was not ready, I waited fifteen minutes for them to gather the coffee, cups, lids, stir sticks, creamer, and sugar together. All that stuff was supposed to happen before I arrived. When the young barista handed me the coffee fifteen minutes later I smiled and handed her a five dollar bill as a personal tip. Love!

            Love is our secret sauce that leads to our success as believers when we interact with the world and our community of believers.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

9. Learning and Using Your Spiritual Gift (1 Cor 12:7, 11, 25-26)

February 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There are two kinds of people that serve in a church. There is the person that knows what her spiritual gift is and actively uses it. And there is the person that doesn’t know what her spiritual gift is yet still serves in the church.

            How is a spiritual gift different than human ability? Human ability is given from our physical parents while spiritual gifts are given from our spiritual father. Human ability is received at physical birth while spiritual gifts are received at spiritual birth when we become a Christian. Human ability is for the benefit of mankind while spiritual gifts are for the benefit of the church.

            The Bible describes spiritual gifts in four separate passages. Each time the author is hoping to teach his readers what the gifts are and how to employ them.  The apostle Paul writes to the believers in the church at Corinth hoping they’ll become people that know what their spiritual gift is and who actively use it.

            Paul tells the believers in Corinth that spiritual gifts are given so that we can help each other, “But to each one is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good.” (1 Corinthians 12:7, NASB) Paul then lists several different gifts: word of wisdom, word of knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, prophecy, distinguishing of spirits, tongues, and interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10). It’s clear that the Spirit gives these different gives to different people, “But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually just as He wills.” (1 Corinthians 12:11)

            After these important truths about the gifts of the Spirit, Paul reminds them that the gifts are used in the church in the same way our body uses different body parts. Each body part relies on others and needs each other. He sums up his metaphor about the gifts of the spirit being like body parts saying the goal of the gifts are “that there may be no division in the body, but that the members may have the same care for one another. And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with it; if one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it.” (1 Corinthians 12:25-26)

            Scripture teaches us that spiritual gifts are meant to be used now (Eph 4:12-13). Scripture doesn’t say a believer loses his or her spiritual gift.

            But how do we discover and deploy our spiritual gift? First, read about the gifts described in the Bible (Romans 12:4-8; 1 Corinthians 12:4-31; Ephesians 4:7-14; 1 Peter 4:10-11). Second, pray for God to reveal to us which gift He has given to us. Third, say “yes” when our pastor or church leaders ask us to help serve in a church ministry.

            After spending some time in God’s Word, praying to God, and experimenting with different areas of service, I hope we all can be part of the group of people in the church that knows their spiritual gift and actively serves.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

8. Accommodating Others Shows Love (1 Cor 10:31-11:1)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In the Left Behind fictional book series there’s a statement that has always stood out to me. Cameron “Buck” Williams is the protagonist throughout the books (played by Kirk Cameron and Nicholas Cage in the films). Among Buck’s travels he meets Ken Ritz, a private pilot that ends up flying Buck in and out of some difficult situations. While Buck is a Christian; Ken Ritz is not.

            But Ken’s commitment to help Buck with his Christian ministry is unwavering. At one point the non-believing pilot Ken tells Buck, “I’ve seen the way you people take care of each other.” Ken had seen how the Christians during the tribulation were desperately working hard to take care of each other and meet needs.

            What a testimony we can have as believers to the non-Christian world when we love and care for each other sacrificially.

            There was in issue in the city of Corinth that required the Christians to sacrifice and accommodate each other. Paul wrote, “Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God. Give no offense either to Jews or to Greeks or to the church of God; just as I also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit but the profit of the many, so that they may be saved. Be imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ.” (1 Corinthians 10:31-11:1, NASB)[1]

            Just before this Paul describes how there were issues among the Christians regarding eating meat. There was meat that had been sacrificed to idols and served at pagan feasts. There also was meat sacrificed to idols that eventually was brought to the meat market, purchased by individuals, and taken home and served at private dinners.

            What Paul was telling the people here is that they are okay to eat that meat unless they are questioned by people. If  someone was unsure and asked if it should be eaten or not, a Christian was obligated to abstain from eating the meat as a way to accommodate the conscious of his or her fellow believer.

            In other words, Christians restricted their liberty at the request of others. Even if they were hungry!

            As Christians now we show our love for others carefully evaluating our actions and how they might affect others. If a Christian brother is on a diet, we should choose to eat healthy food in front of him. If a Christian sister is trying to manage her money well, we should not invite her out to eat at expensive restaurants with us.

            One of the ways that people can identify us as Christians is how we care for each other and make accommodations for each other.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

7. Enduring Temptation (1 Cor 10:13)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“Put it in your pocket and when you feel tempted, touch it and rub it.” That was the common advice our addiction recovery small group leader would give people when he gave out the sobriety tokens.

            Recovery is a life-long battle. And as a pastor I can verify that some folks who get off drugs, stop drinking alcohol, or shed a gambling addiction are never “free” of the temptations of their addictions. Many times I’ve seen folks clean and sober for years, sometimes decades, only to relapse into addiction. Usually it happens, from my observations, when someone is going through an extreme trial in life or that person is placed in an extremely tempting situation. (Sometimes it involves both.)

            But Paul’s words to the Corinthian church gives us hope when we battle temptations. This verse is a tool we can have in our toolbelt. It equips us for the battle against our struggles and trials that appear often in the form of temptations. Paul tells the Corinthians:

            “No temptation has overtaken you but such as is common to man; and God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.” 1 Corinthians 10:13 (NASB) [1]

            What a great source of hope this verse provides us! God will not let us be challenged beyond what we can handle. He will not let us get in over our head. Charles Ryrie says when this verse describes a “way of escape” it means “power to be able to bear testing” (Ryrie Study Bible, p. 1423).

            How do we do this? It will look different for everyone. We need to have a friend we can rely on that we can call at any time to say, “Hey, I’m struggling right now. Can we talk?” We need a small group that we can send a text message to and ask them to pray. We need a Scripture to memorize that we can quote in our mind when we feel tempted. We need a pastor we know we can call and organize a coffee or lunch with to discuss our struggles.

            While facing temptation will look different for each person, the outcome is always the same when we rely on God. We will be able to endure them! 


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

6. Stretching and Connecting with Others (1 Cor 9:19-22)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Last year our church had its first ever “Harvest Party” event on October 31. After announcing the event a few times during our church service, a couple people expressed concern that we were doing a church event on October 31st. They were afraid we were endorsing Halloween and celebrating that holiday.

            I appreciated people sharing their concern with me because it meant I had poorly communicated the purpose of us starting that annual event. As a result I started telling those people and our church that we were doing a Harvest Party on October 31st as a way to engage our community. It was a way to have families come to our church so we could get to know those living nearby our church. While it often is hard to invite people to attend our church, doing an event on October 31st where we organize games and giveaway candy to kids was a way to have people come to our church.

            The apostle Paul modeled this “engagement” of the community around him as described in 1 Corinthians 9:19-22, “For though I am free from all men, I have made myself a slave to all, so that I may win more. To the Jews I became as a Jew, so that I might win Jews; to those who are under the Law, as under the Law though not being myself under the Law, so that I might win those who are under the Law; to those who are without law, as without law, though not being without the law of God but under the law of Christ, so that I might win those who are without law. To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak; I have become all things to all men, so that I may by all means save some.” (NASB)[1]

            The apostle Paul traveled more than 3,000 miles by foot and boat to share the gospel with anyone he could get an audience with. He went to Jewish synagogues, he went out to people on the river (Acts 16), and he discussed religion with the philosophers (Acts 17).

            Paul used people’s cultures and backgrounds as an entry point to talk with them about the gospel. He used their history and culture to draw those people into a relationship with God. And that same principle that Paul used for ministry can be used by us today. We can take national holidays or local events and use them as entry points to draw people close to God.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

5. Love for Others Guides Our Actions (1 Cor 8:8-13)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Myself and three other pastors were at an airport leaving a conference. We were going to a restaurant together while waiting for our flights. One guy in our group walked up to me, placed his hand on my shoulder and asked: “Would you mind if I drink a beer at the restaurant while we wait for our flights?”

            That interaction with my pastor friend was a good reminder that our love for others guides our actions in front of them. His love for me guided whether or not he should drink a beer in front of me. (I’m confident that if it would have been an issue for me to watch him drink, he would have decided not to drink a beer.)

            The believers in Corinth faced a similar situation but theirs involved meat, not beer. The Greeks and Romans would burn the less desirable parts of animals as religious sacrifices to their gods, but keep the best parts of the animals and eat those. Often those desirable parts of the animals were sold in the marketplace to normal everyday people like the Christians.

            This caused the Corinthians to have to consider two questions. Was it okay to eat this meat? Was it okay to eat this meat in front of other Christians that believed it was wrong to eat the meat?

            Paul describes the correct action for them to take in 1 Corinthians 8:8-13, “But food will not commend us to God; we are neither the worse if we do not eat, nor the better if we do eat. But take care that this liberty of yours does not somehow become a stumbling block to the weak. For if someone sees you, who have knowledge, dining in an idol’s temple, will not his conscience, if he is weak, be strengthened to eat things sacrificed to idols? For through your knowledge he who is weak is ruined, the brother for whose sake Christ died. And so, by sinning against the brethren and wounding their conscience when it is weak, you sin against Christ. Therefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause my brother to stumble” (NASB).[1]

            Paul tells them to eat what they want, but only eat it if it does not cause harm to others. Their freedom did not supersede their obligation to be considerate of others. If eating this meat in front of others offends them, then they should not eat it.

            And this impacts us today. If someone we know has struggled with drinking alcohol in the past, we should abstain from drinking alcohol in front of them. If our spouse is on a diet to lose weight, we should not eat the fatty foods in front of them. If we know someone is trying to quit smoking, we should not smoke in front of him or her.

            Paul’s message to the Corinthians is the same message to Christians: Our love for others should guide our actions in front of them.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

4. Change Shows Change (1 Cor 6:9-11)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

I used to lose my temper all the time when I was young. I remember throwing my cell phone once and breaking it because it wasn’t working right. I remember two times, I threw golf clubs and broke them. Along with losing my temper I also would lose control of my mouth. It embarrasses me to think of some of the words I would say in the midst of my rage.

            But when I became a Christian at twenty-three, my anger problems dissolved. That change of behavior is what Paul describes to believers in the city of Corinth.

            “Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:9-11, NASB).[1]

            Paul’s main point here is that faith in God must make the believers in Corinth different than non-believers. The “effeminate” and “homosexuals” were people common among the Romans and Greeks. In fact, fourteen of the first fifteen Roman emperors practiced homosexuality. Paul was making it clear that a Christian should not be confused with such things. Paul essentially tells us today that faith in God leads to a change in lifestyle.

            The change for me occurred with my temper. No longer did I “lose my temper” after becoming a Christian. Instead, I now have control over it. It does not control me. This shows the change that has occurred because of my faith in God.

            Do I still feel anger from time-to-time? Yes, of course. I feel that old temper start to flare up, like a volcano about to erupt, but I control it now. I’m no longer controlled by my anger because I am no longer a slave to my sin nature. “We know that our old sinful selves were crucified with Christ so that sin might lose its power in our lives. We are no longer slaves to sin” (Romans 6:6, NLT).

            Now I have the Holy Spirit that lives in me and helps me control that sinful anger. As Paul’s words remind us, “You were washed . . . you were sanctified . . . you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:11, emphasis mine).

            Through Christ’s death on the Cross, our faith in Him for salvation, and the Holy Spirit that lives in us now, we have been set free from sin’s power and control over our lives.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

3. Keeping God’s Temple Clean (1 Cor 3:16-17)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

I spent the week thinking about how to make the Sunday church service an environment where we could praise God and enjoy fellowship together. This meant recruiting greeters to work outside to welcome people, printing a bulletin for each person to have along with teaching notes for the sermon, ensuring the air conditioning worked well, and having someone clean the church facility before everyone arrived on Sunday. The environment for people to come and worship God was prepared.

            But someone else had been working all week to destroy it. He probably didn’t intend to do this, but he was good at it. And he did it almost every week. Carl would arrive at church, enter the door, and immediately look for me. All week he had been thinking about an issue or problem with the church. When he arrived at church he wanted to talk with me, the associate pastor of our church in California, about what was wrong with our church and what I needed to do to fix it (or what I had already failed to do to fix it).

            A morning intended for praise for our Lord quickly became a morning focused on criticizing the associate pastor. The result was an awkward conflict that was publicly scene often in front of others.

            Carl had a habit—and he was good at it—of destroying the atmosphere of love for one another and praise of God at church. This was one of the scenarios Paul warns the believers about in the city of Corinth: “Do you not know that you are a temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you? If any man destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him, for the temple of God is holy, and that is what you are.” (1 Corinthians 3:16-17, NASB)[1]

            These two verses describe how God’s people and the church are the temple of God. In 1 Corinthians 6:19 Paul describes the individual as being the temple of God, but that is not the intended meaning here in 1 Corinthians 3:16-17. This is because “you” in verse 16 is plural in the Greek and the passage starts in verse 10 describing the building of God’s church as a group of people not one person.

            But what does this mean for us? If we find ourselves being that man that causes trouble to God’s church we need to accept that things won’t always be the way they should be. Churches are not perfect even if we try our best to make them that way. This means we need to accept that our churches and the people working in them are flawed.

            If we find ourselves being troubled by someone, let go. Each Sunday we need to “let go.” Don’t fight. Don’t cause a scene. Just be kind and let it go.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

2. Imperfect People Following a Perfect God (1 Cor 2:1-5)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Life is messy. And as believers it’s a relief to say those words, and admit that is how the world is. (As a pastor I can admit that church work is messy too!)

            More people would visit our church services on Sundays or try out our Bible studies during the week, if we admitted that life is messy. If they knew that they could come as they are and not have to be perfect, they would more likely visit us. If they knew they didn’t have to present the perfect image or let everyone know they have it all together, then they would be more likely to become part of our faith communities.

            The apostle Paul had arrived in the city of Corinth after a discouraging experience in Athens (Acts 17:15-33). He was also probably anxious about the believers he had just left in the city of Thessalonica (Acts 17:1-14). When he arrived in the city of Corinth he saw sin, wickedness, prostitution, and drunkenness. Paul’s arrival to Corinth only added to his anxiety that started in Athens and Thessalonica.

            Paul wrote about this messy life to the believers in Corinth, “And when I came to you, brethren, I did not come with superiority of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God. For I determined to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and Him crucified. I was with you in weakness and in fear and in much trembling, and my message and my preaching were not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, so that your faith would not rest on the wisdom of men, but on the power of God.” 1 Corinthians 2:1-5 (NASB)[1]

            In these five verses I believe Paul gives us three principles we can follow that will help people (both inside and outside the church) understand that we don’t have everything figured out.

            First, share our story. Tell others about what we’ve been through; about the good and bad decisions we’ve made, as well as what we have learned through the process.

            Second, know Scripture. Through our story we see how God has worked in our lives and provided for us. Including Scripture shows others how God was working through us and our circumstances.

            Third, let God do His work. There is only so much that we can do and control in our lives. At some point can release control of our circumstances and our desired outcomes. Instead of trying to create what we want, we can let God work in our lives.

            For us to minister to others we don’t need to brag about “how clean our lives have become because of Christ.” We can instead show others how “God still accepts us when we are messed up” because life is messy.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

1. Free and Guaranteed (1 Cor 4:1-9)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

When I was 15 years-old I tried to spend as much time as possible at the golf course. I played golf with a lot of older men that shared their wisdom with me. I distinctly remember one man telling me to beware of two words: “free” and “guaranteed.” He told me: “Christopher, remember these two things in life: One, nothing in life is free. Two, nothing in life is guaranteed.”

            He continued on and said that when you hear someone say that something is “free” there will always be a price to pay later on. There might be a request for your contact information, time involved in order to get the free thing – or the free thing might only be part of what you want, so you have to pay for the other half.

            He also explained that if something is guaranteed there’s usually a catch. Often a guarantee is only good for a limited time, or you have to have the receipt, or the guarantee could be voided based on specific conditions.

            That advice came to my mind as I read Paul’s introduction to his letter to the believers in the city of Corinth, “I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus, that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge, even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you, so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ, who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord” (1 Corinthians 1:4-9, NASB).[1]

            In Paul’s introduction he starts with his expression of thanks. He gives thanks because God’s gift of salvation had been given to these believers in Corinth. “the grace of God was given to you in Christ” (1 Cor 1:4b). This was a guarantee for them, “our Lord Jesus Christ, who will also confirm you to the end” (1 Cor 7:7b-8a). Notice that word “confirm” that Paul uses. It means guarantee. Paul told the Corinthians that they had God’s guarantee that they would be in Christ’s presence at His future return to the earth. The reason for this guarantee is stated in the next verse, “God is faithful” (1 Cor 1:9a).

            That man I was playing golf with gave me good advice. Nothing is free and there are no guarantees. With one exception: when we place our faith in God for salvation it is a free gift offered to us. “The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23b). This free gift of eternal life guarantees our place in heaven forever (Romans 8:31-39). We know that God is faithful. His offer of salvation is free and it’s guaranteed.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

The Passion Leaders Must Have for Purity

January 30, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

If there’s one thing I know about you and me it’s this: each of us can improve in our sexual purity. How do I know that? We live in a culture that bombards us with videos, newspaper ads, music, social media pictures, TV commercials, billboards, and beer commercials that use sex to get and keep our attention.

            While we can talk about how to grow the number of people attending a church, I believe it’s also important we talk about how to grow the people already attending a church. If there is one area that every person in every church can grow in, it’s sexual purity. But, for the people to grow in their sexual purity we as Christian leaders first must grow in our own sexual purity.

            In 1 Thessalonians 4:1–8 Paul teaches us that God’s will for Christians is to abstain from sexual immorality, to control their lusts and passions, and to not violate their fellow humans in sexual sin.

            Let’s examine Paul’s exhortation to the Thessalonians about how purity is the passion Christians pursue, especially for leaders.

TRADITION[1]

Instruction

Paul begins a transition in this letter from doctrine (1 Thessalonians 1–3) to duty (1 Thessalonians 4–5) with instruction, “Finally then, brethren, we request and exhort you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us instruction as to how you ought to walk and please God (just as you actually do walk), that you excel still more” (1 Thess 4:1).[2] The phrase “Finally then” signifies a shift into a new section.

            In this verse there is a request. Paul writes, “we request and exhort you.” Here he uses two words that often have separate meanings but are synonymous. Using “request” and “exhort” shows that there is importance by saying the same thing twice.

            In this verse there is a reception. Paul writes, “as you received from us instruction.” The Greek word for “received” is paralabete and is used for accepting instructions that are passed on as tradition from a teacher to a follower. Paul often used this word regarding the doctrinal traditions and ethical instructions he passed on to his followers which he expected them to keep.[3]

            In this verse there is a direction. Paul writes, “how you ought to walk and please God.” The word “walk” is a metaphor New Testament writers often used to describe a person’s lifestyle.[4] Walking is a step-by-step process in which you make progress towards a goal or destination. While Paul was tender and affectionate, he never lost sight of the high demands Christ makes on his followers. Here that demand is to “please God.” In order to please God we need to walk in a way and in a direction that honors him. And we should “excel still more.” Paul is saying there is no such thing as static holiness. Sanctification is a dynamic and progressive walk with God. Everyone lives to please someone: a parent, boss, spouse, child, or just himself. But the Christian lives to please God.

Commandments

Paul continues this transition from doctrine to duty with commandments, “For you know what commandments we gave you by the authority of the Lord Jesus” (1 Thess 4:2). Here we are told the reason, “For you know.” This is not something they’re told for the first time. Essentially, Paul is saying the Thessalonians need to continue down the ways he had already showed them.

            Again, for a second time we see the phrase “of the Lord Jesus.” This is a reminder that what Paul taught and how Christians live is not based on the standards or practices from society, instead there are instructions and commands given to Christians from God himself. That word for “commandments” is parangelia. It was a military term. Xenophon (430–355 BC)[5] and Polybius (200–118 BC)[6] each use the word parangelia for commands given by the officer to his men. It was a word that has a connotation of authority.

            Next Paul transitions from instruction in 1 Thessalonians 4:1–2 to implementation in 1 Thessalonians 4:3–6a. He’s shifting from the tradition which he taught the Thessalonians to the task he has for them.

TASK

First Thessalonians 4:3a is one of my favorite verses of Scripture because it’s so clear: “this is the will of God, your sanctification.”Paul writes that declarative statement then proceeds to list three elements of our sanctification as it relates to sexual purity.[7] Let’s explore the first “will of God” as it relates to participation in sexual sin.

Participation

The first application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should have no participation with sexual immorality. Paul writes, “that you abstain from sexual immorality” (1 Thess 4:3b). The phrase “sexual immorality” is translated from the Greek word porneia. What is sexual immorality? John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock write, “Sexual immorality (porneia) is a broad, all–inclusive term that refers to all sexual relations outside monogamous, heterosexual marriage (fornication, adultery, homosexuality, and pornography). God’s standard for sexual ethics is very simple: the only one-flesh, sexual relationship God sanctions is between a man and a woman after marriage and within marriage.”[8]

            Demosthenes (384–322 BC) was a Greek statesman and speaker in Athens who said this about the home life of a man in Greek culture, “Mistresses we keep for the sake of pleasure, concubines for the daily care of our persons, but wives to bear us legitimate children and to be faithful guardians of our households.”[9] In the Thessalonian culture it was expected and accepted that men seek satisfaction for their sexual desires outside of marriage. The church probably had received pressure to accommodate this.

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:3b God’s will for us is to stay away from sexual sin.This has to do with participation. When it says abstain “from” sexual sin that’s the Greek preposition ek. Prepositions describe the relationship or location between objects. Imagine a circle. The preposition ek in Greek describes something that starts on the outside edge of a circle and moves away from the circle.[10] In other words, when Paul says to “abstain from sexual immorality” he’s saying we must run from sexual sin and refuse to participate in it.  

            However, current statistics on the sexual sin of Christians shows we are failing. According to Focus on the Family president Jim Daly, 68 percent of men in the church look at porn once a month.[11] According to a Promise Keepers survey, half of the men at one of their conferences said they had viewed pornography the previous week.[12] According to Covenant Eyes, 64 percent of Christian men and 15 percent of Christian women view porn at least once a month.[13]

            If those statistics are true, then we’re not doing very good at staying away from sexual sin. So how do we define “sexual purity?” Here’s my simple formula. If you’re married then the only person you should ever see or think about as naked is your spouse. If you’re single then you should never see or think about anyone as naked.

Prevention

The second application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should prevent themselves from engaging in sexual immorality. Paul writes, “that each of you know how to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in lustful passion, like the Gentiles who do not know God” (1 Thess 4:4–5). Just as we have a desire for food or for sleep and we learn to control those desires, we also have sexual desires we need to learn to control.

            Paul tells us that the believer controls his or her body (v. 4). That word for “vessel” likely references the body of a believer. Paul is emphasizing the same truth here in 1 Thessalonians 4:4–5 as 4:3, but in a positive way. Just as we stay away from sin, we also learn to control our bodies. There are certain fleshly passions we have which we need to control.

            Paul tells us that the believer is contrary to unbelievers (v. 5). The phrase “lustful passion” is translated from the word pathei “passion” and epithimias “lustful.” If there’s one thing that should make Christians stand out, it should be our sexual purity.

            The God empowered man rules his body; his body does not rule him. It’s hard and difficult, but with the right adjustments to what we see and think, we can control our bodies. The late New Testament scholar F.F. Bruce once wrote, “The body must be treated as the Lord’s property and not used as a means of wanton self-indulgence.”[14]

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:4–5 God’s will for us is to stop our bodies from sexual sin. This has to do with prevention. If there are sexual sins we struggle with then we need to find out what fuels that struggle and stop it. This means we have to know our own bodies. What weakens our self–control? What trips us up? Do we feel certain temptations when we are lonely? Do we notice our thoughts are not as pure after watching an R–rated movies? About ten years ago I stopped watching football because the TV showed the cheerleaders when returning from commercials. Seeing those women jumping up and down and kicking their legs in the air caused struggles in my purity. So I stopped watching football.

            The key for your sexual purity might not be football, but you need to find out what causes you to stumble and struggle. Lock it away and throw away the key. Block it out. Find the fuel and cut it.

Protection

The third application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should protect others from our sexual immorality. Paul writes, “and that no man transgress and defraud his brother in the matter” (1 Thess 4:6a). The word “matter” there of course is sexual sin (see verses 3–5). That word for “transgress” is the Greek word hyperbainen and means to cross a boundary or to overstep. It’s like displaying a “Don’t trespass sign” on a piece of property. That word “defraud” is the word pleonektein and can be translated as “exploit.” It often means “to overreach, to take advantage of, to take more.”[15] Here’s the point. Sexual purity is not just about you. Your sexual sin directly hurts others.

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:6a God’s will for us is to safeguard others from our sexual sin. This has to do with protection. Our sexual sin hurts others. Research shows adult entertainment actors have higher rates of suicide, are more likely to use illicit drugs (cocaine, heroine, etc.), more often suffer from depression, and are at greater risk to develop alcohol dependency.

            Our sin of watching porn hurts others directly. Let me prove it. Does a man’s adultery hurt his wife and kids? How does a wife respond to her husband watching porn? When an attractive person walks by and you undress that person with your eyes in front of your spouse, how does that make your spouse feel?

TENSION

Halfway through 1 Thessalonians 4:6 there’s a shift from Paul saying what we do to why. Here he gives three reasons for what he has just shared.

            First, Paul says sexual purity prevents God’s punishment,“because the Lord is the avenger in all these things, just as we also told you before” (1 Thess 4:6b).God says that He will take action against these sins. God will allow the consequences of our sin to discipline us. Pastor Tony Evans writes, “One of the most attractive lies about sexual immorality is that we can get away with the thrill and not experience negative consequences.”[16] God ultimately works out the payment for such sins.

            Second, Paul says sexual purityreflects God’s call, “For God has not called us for the purpose of impurity, but in sanctification”(1 Thess 4:7).Our lifestyle regarding sexuality reflects who we are. Are we still sinners that are slaves to sin? Or have we been called by God out of darkness and into the light? If we are called by God it means we are set apart for Him. Paul writes in Ephesians 1:4, “just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him.” Peter writes, “but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all your behavior; because it is written, ‘You shall be holy, for I am holy’” (1 Peter 1:15–16).

            Third, Paul says sexual purity shows we accept God,“So, he who rejects this is not rejecting man but the God who gives His Holy Spirit to you” (1 Thess 4:8).In order to abide by God’s sexual ethic we must be empowered by the Holy Spirit. Sexual purity is not just about man-made “dos and don’ts” but instead is about failing God and rejecting God. God’s Holy Spirit—the third member of the Godhead—is a gift given to those who believe in Jesus Christ.[17] The Holy Spirit purifies us and sets us apart as God’s people.

CONCLUSION

As we conclude this article I don’t want to condemn people or make them feel guilty for past sins. Maybe someone had sexual activity in their past while not a Christian, or didn’t know any better, or simply just did what family or friends all did. Everything in our culture tells us that sexuality should be enjoyed by everyone everywhere whenever they want. I don’t want you to feel guilty or discouraged by those past behaviors. Instead, let’s start today. From this day forward commit to sexual purity.

            Paul tells the church in 1 Thessalonians 4:1–8 it’s God’s will to stay away from sexual sin (v. 3b), to stop our bodies from sexual sin (vv. 4–5), and to safeguard others from sexual sin (v. 6a).

            God’s will for Christian leaders is that we abstain from sexual immorality, learn to control our lusts and passions, and not violate our fellow humans in sexual sin. This is because purity is the passion pastors must have.


[1] You can find an outline of 1 Thessalonians as well as many other free resources at christopherlynnscott.com/free–resources/

[2] Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] NET Bible (Biblical Studies Press, 2005), 2262. Cf. 1 Cor 11:2, 23; 15:1–3; Gal 1:9; Phil 4:9; 2 Thess 2:15; 3:6.

[4] See the metaphor in Rom 6:4; 2 Cor 5:7; Eph 4:1; 5:15; Col 1:10; 2:6; 4:5. Perhaps the “walk” metaphor builds on the first descriptions of Christians as followers of the “Way” (Acts 9:2; 19:23; 24:22).

[5] A Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian from Athens and Greece.

[6] A Greek historian based in Rome.

[7] The word sanctification is “God setting the believer apart for Himself” (Charles Ryrie, Basic Theology [Chicago: Moody, 1996], 630).

[8] John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Walvoord Commentary Series, (Chicago: Moody, 2012), 59.

[9] Demosthenes, Against Neaera, 59.122.

[10] William Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 61.

[11] “How to Guard Your Marriage from Temptation” Focus on the Family. https://www.focusonthefamily.com/episodes/broadcast/how–to–guard–your–marriage–from–temptation/. Accessed October 6, 2024.

[12] Randy Alcorn, The Purity Principle (Multnomah, 2003),10–11.

[13] Barna Group, 2014 Pornography Survey and Statistics, cited in Covenant Eyes’ Porn Stats: 250+ facts, quotes, and statistics about pornography use (2018 Edition), p. 22.

[14] F.F. Bruce, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, World Biblical Commentary vol. 45 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2015), 84.

[15] A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1933), no page number.

[16] Tony Evans Bible Commentary (Nashville: Holman Bible, 2019), 1265.

[17] Rom 8:9; 1 Cor 3:16; 12:13; 2 Cor 6:16.

Filed Under: Church Pastor and Leader Advice

15. Vacation in Heaven (Mal 4:2)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

One of the benefits of a vacation—in my opinion—is that it gives you something to look forward to enjoying in the future. The trials and struggles of today are easier when we know we will escape them on vacation. A difficult job becomes easier to bear when we plan a vacation from it. A chaotic household of kids is easier to withstand when we know we have a weekend getaway planned with adult friends and no kids. Knowing there is a vacation in the future helps us endure the trials of today. That’s true for us that endure suffering on earth now while waiting for heaven in the future.

            Malachi tells the faithful followers of God that had been enduring hardship, “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall” (Malachi 4:2, NASB).[1]

            These verses remind us that earth is not our permanent place. It reminds us that we have something better waiting for us. The text describes “the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings.” The people Malachi was writing to might have felt like they were in a dark world where there was no hope. We too sometimes feel there is no end in sight to the world’s evil and wickedness. But when Christ comes and ushers in the Day of the Lord, it will be like the sun with its sunrays shooting out appearing as “wings.” The image here is one of a dark cloudy day when the clouds break and you see some light shining through as a strong straight line. These are the “wings” of sunlight that God brings.

            The text also describes “and you will go forth and skip about like calves from a stall.” In other words, we will be free! We will be released from the bondage of this world where bad things happen to innocent people because of the Fall, because of the role of Satan in our world, because of the mistakes others make, and because of the mistakes we make.

            At a future time God’s people will be spiritually renewed and restored. This will be as clear as bright sunshine in a dark sky and like animals freed from their restrictive stalls.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

14. How Do We Overcome Evil in This World? (Mal 3:16-18; 4:2-6)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

At one of our men’s Bible study events one of the guys made a startling (but accurate) statement when he said, “We are going to suffer.” That’s true! But how do we overcome suffering? How do we overcome the evil in this world? Based on the last parts of the book of Malachi, I believe there are four ways we can overcome the evil and suffering in this world.

FEAR THE LORD

            “Then those who feared the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord gave attention and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who fear the Lord and who esteem His name. . . But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall.” (Malachi 3:16, 4:2).[1]

            These verses tell us that we should have a respectful fear of God. He created the universe, He knew us before we were born, He sent His son to die for us, and He chose us to be part of His spiritual family. And because of that we have a relationship with Him. This leads us to fear and revere Him. When it says “those who feared the LORD” the word for “fear” there can be translated as “revere” or “to give credit, to give him his proper due.”

            These two verses also tell us we are recognized by God when we fear Him and stay the course. “and the LORD gave attention and heard it” (Malachi 3:16). God remembers the Israelite’s faithfulness to Him. God still listens to them, watches them, and focuses on them even when He is punishing everyone else.  We must remember that God knows us and sees our faithfulness no matter what situation we are in. At work when other people lie, steal, and cheat their way to the top, we need to remain steady and faithful to God. When we are tempted to cheat on our taxes like everyone else does, but we “give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar.” Or when we have to be the only one that works to pay the bills or discipline the kids, remember that God sees our faithfulness.

            And because of this small remnant of faithful believers the text says in Malachi 3:16 “the LORD gave attention and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who fear the LORD and who esteem His name.” In other words, God won’t forget their correct response to Him. This was a permanent remembrance of their faithful and reverent response kept in heaven. In this verse the noun zik-ka-rown (זִכָּרוֹן) is used to describe acting on what is being remembered, not simply a record to keep in mind. Now of course, God does not need a scroll to remember who is loyal to Him. But the writing on the scroll emphasizes for us the permanence of God’s intention to deliver these people in the future.

GROW IN THE LORD

            Second, to overcome evil in the world we grow in the Lord. “Remember the law of Moses My servant, even the statutes and ordinances which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel.” (Malachi 4:4).

            To grow in the Lord we need to read His Word. In Malachi here “the law of Moses” describes the Torah that God had Moses write down (Genesis through Deuteronomy), but that phrase is also sometimes used to describe all the books of the Old Testament.

            To grow in the Lord we need to listen to his Word. Most people at that point in time did not read. So to “remember” the Word of God meant they had to hear it read. That’s why it’s good for churches to designate a specific part of the worship service to read a Scripture passage aloud each week for everyone to hear.  

            To grow in the Lord we need to do what His Word says. The Hebrew word used here is the verb zakar (זכר) which means “remember” but means more than just “memory.” It implies acting on what is remembered. So to remember the Law was to do what it says. If a mom that normally picks up her kids from school needs the dad to pick the kids up from school, there are two important elements for that change of routine. The dad needs the knowledge that he was expected to pick up the kids and he needs to do the action of going to pick up the kids from school. There was an action tied to that knowledge. That’s the same idea here too. To remember God’s Word means we need to do what it says.

            There is evil all around us in the world, but we can overcome evil by growing in the Lord. And we do that by reading His Word, listening to His Word, and doing what His Word says.

SERVE THE LORD

            Third, to overcome evil in the world we serve the Lord. Malachi tells the small righteous and faithful group of people in Israel, “So you will again distinguish between the righteous and the wicked, between one who serves God and one who does not serve Him.” (Malachi 3:18, NASB). As we look at the importance of serving the Lord we must note two things.

            First, we need actions because intentions and emotions are not enough. Just saying “I follow God and believe in God” is not enough. There needs to be actions that match those declarations. Most of us learned in school that “intention” to do homework was not accepted by our teachers. The teachers required “action” of completing the homework in order to get credit. For us believers, we can’t just intend to live a life different than the world around us, but we have to act different than the world around us.

            Second, we need actions so that God can distinguish us. In Malachi 3 we learn that God distinguishes between the people that are “arrogant” (Malachi 3:13, 15) from the ones that “fear the Lord” (Malachi 3:16) and “esteem his name” (Malachi 3:16). God makes this distinction because of their service of Him. The NLT puts it this way saying you will “see the difference.” In other words, it should not be a secret that you are a follower of God (not because of your words, but because of your deeds).

            Yet another way we overcome evil in the world is doing good things that show we are different than the evil people in the world. These good things—actions not just intentions—mark us out as separate from the evil world in which we live.

WE LOOK FOR THE LORD

            Fourth, to overcome evil in the world we look for the Lord. Malachi tells those faithful followers of God, “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall. . . Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD. He will restore the hearts of the fathers to their children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, so that I will not come and smite the land with a curse.” (Malachi 4:2, 5–6, NASB95)

            These verses remind us that earth is not our permanent place and that we have something better waiting for us which we look forward to experiencing. One of the best benefits of a vacation—in my opinion—is that it gives you something to look forward to enjoying in the future. The trials and struggles of today are easier when we know we will be free of those trials and struggles in the future. Knowing there is a vacation in the future helps you endure. That’s the same for us that endure suffering on earth now while waiting for heaven in the future.

            These verses at the end of Malachi tell us we have good things to look forward to. The text describes “the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings.” The people Malachi was writing to might have felt like they were in a dark world where there was no hope. We too sometimes feel there is no end in sight to the world’s evil and wickedness. But when Christ comes and ushers in the Day of the Lord, it will be like the sun with its sunrays shooting out appearing as “wings” like on a dark cloudy day when the clouds break and you see some light shining through as a strong straight line.

            The text also describes “and you will go forth and skip about like calves from a stall” (v. 2). In other words, we will be free! They will be set free from the effects of the fall, from the role of Satan in our world, from the mistakes others make, and from the mistakes we make. God’s people will be spiritually renewed and restored. This will be as clear as bright sunshine in the sky and like calves freed from a stall.

            These verses at the end of Malachi also show us we have signs that will show us when he’s returning. “Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD. He will restore the hearts of the fathers to their children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, so that I will not come and smite the land with a curse.” (Malachi 4:5–6)

            There are two events described here. One is the coming of Elijah the prophet (v. 5). “Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet” (v. 5). John the Baptist is identified as being Elijah because he came in spirit and power just like Elijah did. And his job was to get the people’s hearts ready. And in the same way, there will be a second future Elijah who will be like John the Baptist, to get the people’s hearts ready for the return of the Lord.  This matches what we see in the Transfiguration of Moses and Elijah with Jesus (Matt 17:9-13). Jesus told his disciples, “Elijah is coming and will restore all things.” What Jesus was telling the disciple here was that Elijah would come in the future to restore things and get things ready (just like John the Baptist had gotten the people ready for Jesus).

            Second, “before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD” (v. 5). That will be when Christ punishes the world at the end of the millennial kingdom for it’s defiance and rejection of him.

            There is evil in the world. Even humanists and secularists admit that and wrestle with answers to that evil. But we as Christians are told how to overcome evil by fearing the Lord, growing in the Lord, serving the Lord, and looking for the Lord.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

13. What Do Evil People Have Prepared for Them in the Future? (Mal 4:1)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Most of us know ungodly people that mock God, cause harm to others, and refuse to repent of their sins. The small faithful group of believers in Israel had those same people in their time and were wondering what God had prepared for those people in the future. Malachi records what God says about these ungodly people, “’For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace; and all the arrogant and every evildoer will be chaff; and the day that is coming will set them ablaze,’ says the LORD of hosts, ‘so that it will leave them neither root nor branch.’” (Malachi 4:1, NASB)[1]

            God has future plans for the arrogant people in Malachi’s time and God wants to make sure we don’t miss this by saying, “For behold.” This Hebrew particle הִנֵּה (hin-neh) can be translated as, “Look!” or “Take note!” or “don’t miss this.”

            God tells Israel here that evil people will endure a fire on earth.The text says that at some point in the future the day of judgement is coming “burning like a furnace; and all the arrogant and every evil doer will be chaff; and the day that is coming will set them ablaze.” There are three descriptions here. First, the day is going to be “burning like a furnace.” Fire of a furnace describes extreme intensity that is controlled and contained. God has a purpose for this fire and it is judgement. Second, who will be burnt up is described, “all the arrogant and every evil doer will be like chaff.” These are the self-righteous people that say they don’t need God. They have also claimed in Malachi 3:13-15 that to serve God was pointless and worthless because nothing returns back to them for their deeds. Third, this will be a future event. “and the day that is coming will set them ablaze.” These evil people will be set on fire and will be consumed by the fire sometime in the future.

            God alsotells us now that these evil people will endure a fire in hell forever. The Bible teaches that hell is terrible and painful. There will be physical torment with burning fire (Jude 7; Mark 9:43; Revelation 21:8), a fiery furnace (Matthew 13:41-42), a place of flames (Luke 16:24), and a place of death and destruction (Matthew 7:13; Luke 6:49; Romans 9:22; Philippians 3:19; Revelation 2:11; 20:6, 14, 21:8). The Bible also teaches that hell is permanent and eternal. The people sent there will experience “everlasting” (Daniel 12:2) “eternal fire” (Matthew 18:6-9; 25:4; Jude 7), smoke that rises “forever and ever” (Revelation 20:10, 14-15), “eternal” destruction (2 Thessalonians 1:9), they will “forever” be separated from God (2 Thessalonians 1:9), and people will be doomed “forever” (Jude 13).

            We should feel comforted that we are going to heaven.We don’t have to worry about our performance because Jesus already did the work for us. The price of admission has been paid. We have our ticket that says “Paid in Full.” Among all the crazy things going on in the world, among heartbreaks we endure and the pain we have to drudge through, we should enjoy security in our hearts that we won’t be judged like unbelievers. Instead we will be in heaven with our Lord forever with our loved ones that are already there waiting for us.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

12. Why Do Evil People Prosper (Mal 3:13-15)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

A common question I receive from people—and I’m sure people ask you too—is, “Why do evil people prosper in the world?” Other forms of this question are asked as “Why do good things happen to bad people?” Or “Why do bad things happen to good people?” Scripture reveals four reasons evil people prosper in the world.

            The first reason evil people prosper in this world is because of the Fall. When Adam and Eve ate fruit from the tree God told them not to (in Genesis 3:1-6), they invited evil to enter into the world. As a result sin entered the world and a sin nature is part of every person (Psalm 51:3-5; Romans 5:12).

            A second reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the role of Satan in our world. Satan’s position is “god” of this world. Paul tells us, “Even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving” (2 Corinthians 4:3–4a, emphasis added).[1] John tells us, “We know that we are of God, and that the whole world lies in the power of the evil one” (1 John 5:19, emphasis added). In other parts of Scripture we learn that Satan’s activities in this world are to tempt and seduce (Genesis 3:1-6; Matthew 4:1-11), to deceive, falsify, and counterfeit (2 Corinthians 4:3-4; Revelation 20:3, 7-8), to destroy (1 Peter 5:8-9; Luke 8:12; Revelation 12:13-17), to war against believers and the church by sending false workers (Matthew 13:36-39), to thwart God’s work (1 Thessalonians 2:18), to send pain and physical ailments upon believer’s lives (John 2:4-7; 2 Corinthians 12:7-10), to through defame and slander (Revelation 20:10), as well as to persecute and oppress believers (Revelation 2:10, 13).

            A third reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the mistakes others make. This is the context of Israel in the book of Malachi. In Malachi 3:16-18 and Malachi 4:2-6 we learn about a righteous group of believers that have been faithful to God, but most of the nation had abandoned God. Most of the nation were bringing blemished and poor sacrifices to God that didn’t meet the criteria required in the Law for offerings (Malachi 1:6-14). The priests were not following their call to lead the nation of Judah in a way that brought the people close to God (Malachi 2:1-9). The men were divorcing their Jewish wives and marrying ungodly pagan wives from neighboring nations (Malachi 2:10-16). The people were not giving their tithes and offerings to God as they were supposed to do (Malachi 3:7-12). The Israelites were experiencing problems because of their many sins, but the remnant of faithful believers in Israel were experiencing problems that they did not cause. This small group of people faithfully followed God but suffered because of the ungodly actions of others. That is true in our day sometimes too. Bankruptcy, health problems, broken marriages, loss of jobs and income sometimes fall on us because of the ungodly behavior of other people related to us.

            A fourth reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the mistakes that we make. Sometimes bad things happen because we have played a part in it. God talks to Israel and says, “Your words have been arrogant against Me”(Malachi 3:13). These were shameless words of harsh criticism against God. The Message puts it this way, “You have spoken hard, rude words against me.” And this is what the people said, “It is vain to serve God; and what profit is it that we have kept His charge, and that we have walked in mourning before the LORD of hosts? So now we call the arrogant blessed; not only are the doers of wickedness built up but they also test God and escape.” (Malachi 3:14-15). These people were saying God was either too weak to stop evil or He was not interested in punishing the wicked. They were accusing God of being apathetic and disinterested in them. Like the Israelites, sometimes there are things that we have done to bring about the problems we have.

            Why evil people prosper in the world is a common question. The answers are not easy to hear, but the answers are true to Scripture. I pray God’s Word will comfort you and minister to you as you wrestle with God’s Word and His answers to your questions.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

11. The Blessing of a Tithe (Mal 3:10-12)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Good things occur when we give gifts to others. Often the person we give to will share a verbal “thank you” or a personal thank you note sent by email. Sometimes the person will give us a gift in return as a thank you. In Malachi 3 God is urging the nation of Israel to give to Him like they were supposed to give.

            If Israel was to give a gift to God He says He will“’open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows. Then I will rebuke the devourer for you, so that it will not destroy the fruits of the ground; nor will your vine in the field cast its grapes,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘All the nations will call you blessed, for you shall be a delightful land,’ says the LORD of hosts” (Malachi 3:10b–12).[1]

            Israel was struggling because their crops were not growing. They were withholding their tithes and offerings from God, and God was withholding the rain that sustained and grew their crops. But if they tithe to God it says so much rain will come that it will “overflow.” That overflow of rain will lead to abundant fruits of the ground (v. 11a), flourishing grapes (v. 11b), and a blessing from other lands (v. 12). When we give to God, God blesses us.

            God not only blesses us when we give to Him, but God also gives us peace. While you might be kind to others, pray, read your Bible, and attend church, if you are not giving to God my guess is that you have spiritual uneasiness. I know this from all the people that have told me as their pastor, “I just can’t tithe” or “I know I need to tithe to God but it hasn’t happened yet” or “I know that I’m committed to start tithing this year.”As a pastor I never bring it up but they do because they feel guilty.

            Giving to God blesses us, gives us peace, and also gives us protection.Something was eating and devouring Israel’s crops. God says if they give, “I will rebuke the devourer for you” (Malachi 3:11a). The word “rebuke” here means to “stop” or to “prevent.” The word “devourer” here is the Hebrew participle, בָּֽאֹכֵ֔ל which means “the eater.” This was a term for any kind of threat to crops and livelihood. The NIV calls them “pests” and NLT calls it “insects and disease.” If Israel gives to God, then God promises to protect the Israelite’s crops growing.

            Giving to God blesses us, gives us peace, gives us protection, and gives us recognition. “All the nations will call you blessed for you shall be a delightful land” (Malachi 3:12a).This was God’s original plan for Israel in Exodus 19:3-6. God wanted to bless His people and as a result of blessing His people, all the neighboring nations around Israel could look at Israel and say, “God is doing something there. God is blessing them and protecting them. There’s no way that they could accomplish all of that on their own.” And this too, should be our goal as Christians living today in our world. People should see us and think, “She’s got something I don’t have, and it’s not related to the number of digits in her bank account, the size of her house, or the logo on her car. It relates to the inner peace and tranquility she has in spite of the circumstance she’s in or the state of the economy that we live in.”

            Tithing is a blessing. God was hoping that Israel would learn about that blessing here in Malachi 3:10b-12, and I hope that we can learn about and experience that blessing too.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

10. The Size of the Tithe (Mal 3:10)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We often think of the word “tithe” as 10 percent and that’s what the word means. The Hebrew word, מַעַשֵׂר (ma’aser) usually describes one tenth of a person’s goods dedicated to God. But what if I told you that God’s description of the tithe was much more than just 10 percent? What if I told you God called the people of Israel to give to Him as much as 40 percent of their goods or income each year?

            In his commentary on the book of Malachi Allen Ross makes a strong case that a faithful Israelite who followed the Law would give 40 percent of his family income to God each year. Ross says that when you add up the giving expected for the priests, for the temple, for the annual pilgrimages, for the third and fifth year tithes to the poor, for the three festivals (Pentecost, Purim, and Passover), for the sin and trespass offerings, for the Sabbath year of rest for crops, and when you add up the cost of leaving the corners of crops unharvested so the poor could glean, that total “would exceed 40% a year.”[1]

            When God was addressing the Israelites in the book of Malachi one of His issues with Israel was that they were not giving like they should have been giving. God says in Malachi 3:10, “’Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, so that there may be food in My house, and test Me now in this,’ says the LORD of hosts, ‘if I will not open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows.’”[2]

            As I’ve shown you earlier, the “whole” gift for Israel was a significant percentage of their income. Here God says, “bring the whole tithe into the storehouse.” The whole tithe was likely about 40 percent.

            So that describes what Israel was supposed to do in the Old Testament and in Malachi’s time (400 BC), but what about for us now? How much do we give now? When we read the New Testament we might expect the apostles Paul, John, James, and Peter to affirm what the Old Testament taught about giving a tithe, but they don’t. And they don’t because Christ fulfilled the Law. Because we live in the age of grace—not under the rule of Law—giving for us is very different than for the Israelites in Malachi’s book. As Gentiles (that’s you and me because we are not Jewish) we give a portion of our income to God and that amount is different for each person.

            As New Testament believers living in the time of grace, we are supposed to give generously and joyously. Paul told the believers in Corinth, “On the first day of every week each one of you is to put aside and save, as he may prosper, so that no collection be made when I come” (1 Corinthians 16:2). So what we do is pray about what God wants us to give and allow Him to lead. If we are in a place where we are giving a very small amount, perhaps we should pray and ask God if He is leading us to give more. If our giving is sporadic, perhaps we should pray and ask if God is leading us to give more consistently.

            I believe we should give to God proportionately and consistently. The late theologian Charles Ryrie once said, “Every believer owes 100 percent of what he is and what he has to God. The question, then, is not only how much I give, but also how much I spend on myself.”[3] Remember that the New Testament teaches the percentage is not as important as the principle that we give proportionately and consistently.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 160-161.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] Charles Ryrie, Balancing the Christian Life (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1969), 89.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

9. Godly Gift Giving (Mal 3:6-12)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Kids are excited to receive gifts, but mature adults are excited to give gifts. But sometimes people don’t like the gifts we give them. Sometimes the gift is cheap. Sometimes it’s not something they would enjoy using. Sometimes it’s inappropriate for that person’s past history (alcohol for a former alcoholic, chocolate for someone on a diet, etc.).

            Israel had been giving gifts to God, but God was not pleased with the gifts that He was receiving. Instead of giving a portion of what Israel was earning back to the Lord as a tithe, they were keeping it for their personal needs.

            The truth is that we are all tempted to keep for ourselves what we know belongs to God. We all are tempted to use money we know we should give to God for our own personal bills. We have house payments, medical bills, car insurance, and groceries we need to buy. Additionally, we know we should give to God and we want to give to God, but we have desires for things that prevent us from giving to God. Maybe we want some new piece of technology, a nicer car, bigger house, or lavish vacation. And because we spend our money on those things we are not able to give to God like we want to or like we know that we should.

            Giving to God follows similar principles to how we go about giving gifts to a friend or member of our family. First, in order to give a gift that is pleasing to another person we must know that person. What does she like or dislike? What does she enjoy or hate? We know that God is gracious, loving, and patient. “For I, the LORD, do not change” (Malachi 3:6).[1] God tells Israel that He does not change or deviate from His promises. God is also willing to accept us when we return to Him, “Return to me and I will return to you”(Malachi 3:7b). The Israelites had left God, but if they return to God, He will return to them.

            In order to give a meaningful gift to a person we have to know the person, but we also have to actually give the gift.            God tells Israel, “Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse” (Malachi 3:10a). As God says this I can almost hear the objections of Israel as they are told they need to bring their offerings: “But we don’t have enough money to give?” “I just put a layer of mud and straw on my roof and I can’t afford to give.” “I just bought a new donkey to help me plow my fields.” “We don’t have enough to feed ourselves, how are we supposed to give to God?” These were valid complaints because Israel had spent 70 years in captivity in Babylon and when they returned back to Judah they were trying to rebuild their way of life. They didn’t have much and were trying to grow their crops, to rebuild homes, and to establish life again in their land. But God’s command to Israel was clear: give.

            After we’ve considered what would be a good gift for a person and after we’ve given the gift, we need to accept the good things we receive as a result of giving a gift. This usually is a verbal “thank you” or a personal thank you note sent by mail. Occasionally a person will give us a gift in return as a thank you. If Israel was to give a gift to God He says He will“’open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows. Then I will rebuke the devourer for you, so that it will not destroy the fruits of the ground; nor will your vine in the field cast its grapes,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘All the nations will call you blessed, for you shall be a delightful land’” (Malachi 3:10b–12). This likely describes rain. The famine and the struggles that Israel was having were because their crops were not growing and they were struggling to survive. Israel was withholding their tithes from God and because of that He likely was withholding the rain that sustained and grew their crops. But if Israel tithes to God it says that so much rain is going to come that it will “overflow.” That overflow of rain would lead to abundant fruits of the ground (v. 11a), flourishing grapes (v. 11b), and a blessing from other lands (v. 12). 

            When we are kids we get excited to get gifts from others., but as we mature into adults we get excited to give gifts to others. And as we grow and mature in our faith we become less focused on God blessing us and more concerned with giving to God. As grown mature adults we know it’s better to give than to receive. And giving gifts to God means we need to know Him, give to Him, and accept the blessing we receive when we give to Him.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

8. God’s Messengers (Mal 3:1)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

God wants His people to follow Him. When addressing His people in Malachi He initiates a plan for them to know Him and follow Him rightly. God declares, “’Behold, I am going to send My messenger, and he will clear the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple; and the messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight, behold, He is coming,’ says the LORD of Hosts” (Malachi 3:1).[1]

            God says He will send two messengers. The first will be a human messenger we now know would be John the Baptist (Matt 11:2-15). As the first messenger John the Baptist will “clear the way” for God’s Son, Jesus Christ.

            The second messenger will be a heavenly messenger. This is how God is coming. God says He “will suddenly come to His temple.” The word “suddenly” does not mean fast but means unexpected.

            In Jesus’s life on earth we saw two fulfillments of this verse which we call “the day of Christ.” The first fulfillment is when Jesus arrived at the temple and someone asked Jesus why He didn’t pay an annual tax that supported the temple (Matt 17:24-27). When Jesus approached the temple He said He was exempt from paying the temple tax because He was God and He owned the temple. But He still paid it as a way to keep the peace, but made it clear He didn’t have to pay it.

            The second fulfillment is when Jesus announced the new covenant in the Upper Room. In Matthew 26:28 Jesus told them He was making a new covenant with the people (Ezekiel 36; Jeremiah 31; Isaiah 54). These two events describe “the day of Christ” that we live in now and which is often called the time of grace or the era of the church.

            The third fulfillment is when Jesus approaches the earth at his second coming. The first and second coming are separated. This second coming of Christ in the end times is what is called “the day of the Lord.”

            But there is one more messenger described here in Malachi 3:1 in addition to John the Baptist and Jesus Christ: the third is us reading it and who have a responsibility to proclaim it.

            We tell this message about Jesus Christ as the Savior. It is our responsibility to tell people about Jesus’s love, how He gave his life as a sacrifice on behalf of others, in order to cleanse them from their sins and provide a way for them to live forever in heaven with God.

            We are also God’s messengers because of our day-to-day activities that we do and how we do them. Are we kind, respectful, and courteous to all people in all walks of life regardless of their economic status and skin color? Do we deal honestly with people and have integrity in our dealings with other people? Do we do what we say we will do and follow through on our commitments? These might sound like basic things, but non-Christians are watching Christians all the time. They are watching us to see if we really practice what we preach.

            Our works also involve the things we do to other people. Are we good friend to people that need our help? Are we considerate to our neighbors? Do we bring people food that are sick when they need help? Do we help people that are elderly to work on their house or mow their lawn?

            We are God’s messengers when we serve other people with love in these ways just as Jesus served us in love by dying on behalf of us.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

7. Marriage Dedication (Mal 2:13-16)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“I’m unhappy. I want a divorce.” Those are the words my friend heard from his wife after ten years of marriage. My friend asked if they could work it out. She reluctantly agreed and went to a few counseling sessions with him but still she replied, “I’m done. I’m unhappy. I want a divorce.”

            My friend is a good guy. He has a good job, he regularly spends time with his kids, and he was a good husband. Was he perfect? Of course not, but he was always faithful to his wife, committed to her, and committed to his family. I’ve known him almost twenty years now.

            But marriage is hard. It’s not easy. Anyone that tells you it is easy is either lying or has not been married for very long. God addresses two issues related to marriage in Malachi 2:11-16. The first was about spouse selection in which the men in Israel were marrying spouses from outside of their nation. The second issue was marriage dedication because the men of Israel were divorcing their wives.

            As God focuses on marriage, He tells the Israelites that He rejects the people’s offerings because they have rejected His commands. “He no longer regards the offering or accepts it with favor from your hand” (Malachi 2:13).[1]

            God then gets more specific about what commands the people have rejected. “the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have dealt treacherously, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant” (Malachi 2:14).

            God reveals there is no one who has done marriage right. “But not one has done so who has a remnant of the Spirit. And what did that one do while he was seeking a godly offspring? Take heed then to your spirit, and let no one deal treacherously against the wife of your youth” (Malachi 2:15).

            God reacts to the divorces that are occurring in Israel. “’For I hate divorce,’ says the LORD, the God of Israel, ‘and him who covers his garment with wrong,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘So take heed to your spirit, that you do not deal treacherously’” (Malachi 2:16).

            Here God gives a reason for this rebuke. God does not want anyone to get divorced. God makes it clear, “I hate divorce.” One of the reasons God hates divorce is because a divorced man “covers his garment with wrong” (v. 16). This is figurative and it symbolizes marriage as in Ruth 3:9 and Ezekiel 16:8. A man covering himself with violence or wrong describes violating the marriage relationship. The garment was supposed to be a symbol of protection, but when a man divorces his wife it is actually “wrong” or “violence” that is done to the divorced wife. The NIV translates this phrase as the man “does violence to the one he should protect.” When a man divorced his wife it removed her protection and treated her cruelly.

            But God gives direction for this people. “So take heed to your spirit, that you do not deal treacherously” (v. 16c). The people were supposed to avoid divorce at all costs. God hates divorce, and we should hate it too.

            God’s desire for marriage is for a man that loves God to marry a woman that loves God and that they stay married until death temporarily separates them from each other. Sadly, that doesn’t occur as much as it should in our culture.

            This passage makes a strong statement about God’s attitude toward divorce: He doesn’t want it to happen. There are passages in the Bible that concede divorce and strictly regulate it. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 allows divorce in special circumstances and that teaching was affirmed by Jesus in Matthew 5:31-32; 19:3-9, Mark 10:2-12, and Luke 16:18. Paul further elaborated on the concessions for biblical divorce in 1 Corinthians 7:10-16. When reading those passages it’s important to note that God conceded divorce and regulated divorce because of the hardness of man’s heart and because of our fallen sinful nature, not because God thought divorce was a solution. The Bible permits divorce in these situations, but never mandates it. Divorce is allowed if a spouse commits adultery or if an unbeliever abandons his spouse.

            The focus of this passage in Malachi 2:11-16 is that we need to carefully select a spouse that loves God and we need to remain committed to the spouse we have married. Here are two practical tips to do that.

            Live out your faith together. Read Scripture, pray, be in a small group together, read a marriage book together, or attend a marriage conference together. Most of us work in jobs that require us to spend time each year doing continuing education, learning new things, and staying sharp on our skills. But when it comes to our marriage sometimes we just go with the flow. Instead, we should be intentional to grow in our marriage just as we are intentional to grow in our career. For a marriage to remain strong we have to live out our faith together and grow together.

            Lean on help when you need it. This might be help from a parent, a pastor, or a professional counselor. Don’t be scared to ask for help. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness, it’s a sign that you recognize you want things to get better. Tough times come and when they come we often need help. There also are organizations like FamilyLife or Focus on the Family that have professional counselors you can talk to over the phone. The best help might come from the people in your church that have already been through what you’re experiencing and that can talk with you, listen, let you know you’re not alone, and pray with you through it. 

            (If your marriage is healthy right now, you need to look for others that are struggling and need help because you might be the person they need to lean on during these difficult times.)

            I hope you have seen from this look at Malachi 2 that God’s desire is for us all to be married to one spouse. That was God’s plan from the beginning and is His desire for us now. But we live in a fallen world where sin has corrupted marriage. A poor work-life balance, abuse of alcohol, drugs, gambling, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and many other sinful habits inhibit healthy marriages and sometimes leads to divorce. Sometimes this means we endure a divorce that we don’t want, just like my friend. But God hates divorce and He wants us to select a godly spouse and commit to marriage.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

6. Spouse Selection (Mal 2:6-10)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Marriage is hard. Anyone that tells you it is easy is either lying or has not been married for very long. We know that marriage is hard because we all have been effected by divorces in our lives. The topic of marriage comes up in the book of Malachi because God is concerned about the people the Israelites were marrying. The men in Israel were selecting spouses from people outside of their nation. In God’s message to Israel—delivered by Malachi—God describes the principle for selecting a spouse. “Do we not all have one father? Has not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously each against his brother so as to profane the covenant of our fathers?” (Malachi 2:10).[1] One God created us in Genesis and when He created us in Genesis He gave Adam and Eve to each other. One man, one woman, brought together by one God. And not just in marriage, but God also formed Israel into one nation at Mt. Sinai, which is likely what this is referring to here as well. When it says, “why do we deal treacherously” we need to define “treacherously” because it’s not used often. It means “guilty of or involving betrayal or deception” (Concise Oxford Dictionary) or “likely to betray trust” or “proving insecure footing or support” (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary). These people were betraying God in their actions.

            God describes the problem in how Israel has been selecting a spouse. Judah has violated God’s covenant by violating the marriage covenant. “Judah has dealt treacherously, and an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah has profaned the sanctuary of the LORD which He loves and has married the daughter of a foreign god.” (Malachi 2:11). God places the blame squarely: “Judah . . . Israel . . . Jerusalem . . . Judah.” This is the nation that God has called to be His own special people (Israel), along with the country they live in (Judah), as well as the city that was supposed to be their capital (Jerusalem). As a parallel we could say this, “You Americans, living in Washington state, in which Olympia is your capital city.” After a general description of “treachery” in verse 10 and pointing to who was doing the treachery, God now moves on to identify the exact problem. “Judah has profaned the sanctuary of the Lord which he loves, and has married the daughter of a foreign god.”This was a problem for two reasons. It was a problem because God had told the nation of Israel that they were His chosen nation and that through the nation of Abraham (through Israel) eventually one day a Messiah would be born out of that nation to bless Israel and bless the nations (Genesis 12:1-3; 15:1-6). That meant the nation needed to stay together, to stay holy, to stay pure, to stay undefiled. It was a problem also because if an Israelite married someone from outside of Israel that worshipped a different God (Chemosh, Baal, etc.), then that spouse could turn the Israelite’s heart away from God. Marrying a person from a different race was not the problem. It was not even illegal. For example, Boaz married Ruth (a Moabitess), but she was a believer in God. The problem was if the spouse was loyal to her own gods (like Jezebel or King Solomon’s wives) and the Law prevented this. It was the religion of that person that was the problem, not ethnicity.

            God describes the punishment that will occur to everyone that has wronged Him and His covenant. “As for the man who does this, may the LORD cut off from the tents of Jacob everyone who awakes and answers, or who presents an offering to the LORD of hosts.” (Malachi 2:12). This grave sin of selecting and marrying a spouse that did not love and follow God brought a clear rebuke from God on the men who do this. Even the one “who presents an offering to the Lord of hosts” would get punished. Just because he showed up at the temple and tried to offer sacrifices didn’t cover the sin he had at home. When it says, “everyone who awakes and answers” that’s a way to describe all the living people at that time.

            Having a God-honoring marriage starts with looking for a godly spouse. If you are a parent, uncle, aunt, cousin, unofficially adopted mom or dad or grandpa or grandma, start instilling these principles into others lives.

            First, look for a person that loves God. Evaluate that so called “love” of God with the following criteria: Does he have a church community he is part of? Does she have a Bible which has been opened recently? Does she listen to podcasts of sermons? Does he want to wait to have sex until married? Does she pray regularly? Is he in a men’s small group study? The answers to those questions will tell you if this person truly loves God.

            Second, listen to godly advice from your godly family and godly friends. This could be mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, good friends, people that aren’t scared to tell you that you are making a bad decision. Listen to these people. They often are objective and can give you insight. Yes, you might be happy right now and “in love” but what potential dangers await in the future that you don’t see right now? Godly family and godly friends can tell you this.

            If you’re not yet married and you’re reading this, I pray that God will help you as you seek to select a Godly spouse. If you are married, let’s work together to disciple the people we know that are looking for a spouse and let’s help them find a spouse that loves God and is committed to God.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

5. Temple Priests in Today’s Church (Mal 2:5-7)

January 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Levi was one of the twelve sons of Jacob and his name became one of the tribes of Israel. When God gave Israel the Law God appointed Aaron as the priest and He said that the tribe that Aaron came from would be the tribe that always served as priests. That tribe was the tribe of Levi. In Malachi 2:5-7 God describes the good things the priests had done in the past when they were faithfully following God.

            “My covenant with him [Aaron] was one of life and peace, and I gave them to him as an object of reverence; so he revered Me and stood in awe of My name. True instruction was in his mouth and unrighteousness was not found on his lips; he walked with Me in peace and uprightness, and he turned many back from iniquity. For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth; for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts.” (Malachi 2:5–7, NASB)

              Here God gives us a proper picture of who the priests were and what they were supposed to be doing.

            Let’s pay attention to a few of the expectations of the priests. First, the priests were called to holy living. They were supposed to walk with God. God describes Aaron when He says, “he walked with me in peace and uprightness” (v. 6b). They taught the truth and they walked the truth personally. “To walk” is an idiom. As Bible commentator Allen Ross describes, “To walk with God is to go where he is going, to stay close to him, and to commune with him along the way.”[1] To walk with God means to live one’s life in accordance with the will of God.

            Second, the priests behavior affected others as seen in verse six, “and he turned many back from iniquity.” The word for “turned” here is the Hebrew שׁוב which is often used for “repent” as in turning back to the Lord. It appears in Hebrew in what is called the “imperfect stem” of a “Hiphil” which is causative. In other words, the priests are the ones who are supposed to cause others to turn back from iniquity.[2] Their walk with God causes others to turn away from their sin, repent, and turn toward God. They were supposed to confront people with the truth and bring them back into a relationship with God.

            In addition to those expectations, the priests were also supposed to perform specific tasks. They were supposed to worship God. “he [Aaron] revered Me and stood in awe of My name” (v. 5b). The word for “revered” here can mean “respect.” God chose the tribe of Levi to be priests but there was no specific reason God chose them. It was His decision. Life as priests was given to them as a gift and they needed to respect God for that.

            They also were supposed to disciple others. “True instruction was in his mouth and unrighteousness was not found on his lips” (v. 6a). This is what the priests were teaching. Notice the adjective, “true,” that describes “instruction.” These priests were teaching truth—God’s Word—and their teaching was faithful to God’s revelation. That teaching would guide people through life as the word “instruction” describes a point in the right direction. These priests took their calling seriously. They studied the Law and found ways to regularly teach the Word to the people.

            This type of conduct should have positioned the priests as honorable members of their community. “For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth” (v. 7a). This was the expected standard for the priests. They did this by studying, memorizing, and teaching God’s Word. Priests were to be righteous men that were models for others. People should see the way they lived and think, I have something to learn from them.

            Priests were also supposed to evangelize others.“for he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts” (v. 7b). The priests were God’s mouthpiece. They were supposed to be speaking for God by speaking God’s Word to the people. They were supposed to declare God’s truth so people who didn’t know about God could begin a relationship with Him.

            That’s the proper picture of the priests in Malachi. But how does this job description for priests apply to us living right now?

            I hope you can see that you and I are priests, so to speak, alive today. The apostle Peter writes to Christian believers telling them, “you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for god’s own possession, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; for you once were not a people, but now you are the people of God; you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy” (1 Peter 2:9–10, NASB). As priests we are supposed to pursue holy living by walking with God, worshipping God, discipling others, and evangelizing others just like the priests were supposed to do in Malachi’s day.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 88.

[2] Ibid., 80.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

4. The Way We Are Right with God (Mal 1:6-11)

January 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We all love a good courtroom scene. Movies like The Rainmaker or Runaway Jury, and books like To Kill a Mockingbird, are popular because we enjoy the drama of a good courtroom scene where there’s the defendant, a jury, a judge, the prosecuting attorney, and of course the audience that sits in the back.

            Let’s pretend you and I are in the audience of a court case as we read a passage from the book of Malachi. Israel has left their Godly ways. They aren’t following God like they should have. God’s going to try their case in front of us.

            The accusation is stated in Malachi 1:6 when God points out the problem, “‘A son honors his father, and a servant his master. Then if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is My respect?’ says the Lord of hosts to you, O priests who despise My name. But you say, ‘How have we despised Your name?’”.

            Next God presents the evidence in Malachi 1:7-13 about how the priests and the people are not honoring God the way they should.

            When God points out His evidence against Israel He lists the actions they were doing that were violating His name and holiness (Malachi 3:7-8). They were “presenting defiled food upon [God’s] altar” (v. 7a), they were presenting “the blind for sacrifice” (v. 8a), and were giving “the lame and the sick” (v. 8b)

            God also lists the attitudes the Israelites held about what they were doing and how those attitudes violated God’s name and holiness (Malachi 3:12-13). They profaned God’s name when they said, “the table of the Lord is defiled, and it’s food is to be despised” (v. 12b). They showed their laziness for the sacrifices saying, “My, how tiresome it is!” (v. 13a). And we learn about their apathy for the sacrifices when God says, “You disdainfully sniff at it” (v. 13b). When we read this we need to ask ourselves if God might have any evidence against us.

            We need to ask ourselves if there are actions we’re doing that violate God’s name and His holiness. Are we spending more time scrolling on Facebook than we do reading God’s Word? Do we talk badly about other people, gossip about them, and put them down? Are we watching things that are harmful to us and to others such as r-rated movies, porn, or inappropriate reality shows that encourage sinful behavior rather than a sanctified life?

            We also need to ask ourselves if we have any attitudes that violate God’s name and holiness. Are we apathetic about attending a church service? Would we rather stay home on a Sunday than be with God’s people singing in worship to Him and spending time with other believers? Are we lethargic about reading God’s Word? When we see a person from church call us do we feel annoyed that they are calling to bug us and ask for prayer?

            While God lists the shortcomings of the Israelites, He also provides a way for Israel to be right with Him. God might be prosecutor, judge, and jury, but He is also loving and merciful. Here He gives them a way to get out of the trouble they are in. He provides a way for them to be “declared innocent” even though they are guilty.

            God wants dedication from his people, not perfection. “But now will you not entreat God’s favor, that He may be gracious to us? With such an offering on your part, will He receive any of you kindly?” (Malachi 1:9). Now in the middle of God’s evidence presentation, He gives them a chance to be set free from their charges. As the judge, prosecutor, and jury, He takes the defendant into the back court chambers into his private office. He sits Israel down and says, Look, if you just try to do what is right, all is okay. I know you haven’t been perfect in the past, and you aren’t going to be perfect in the future. But if you just start making that effort, everything will be okay. The sacrifice presupposes that they weren’t going to be perfect. That’s okay. God doesn’t expect them to be perfect, otherwise the sacrifice wouldn’t be needed. But that sacrifice does need to be perfect because a perfect sacrifice is evidence of our dedication to Him. God knows we aren’t going to be perfect, but He wants people that are dedicated to Him.

            God wants no offering at all if it’s not with the right motives. “’Oh that there were one among you who would shut the gates, that you might not uselessly kindle fire on My altar! I am not pleased with you,’ says the Lord of hosts, ‘nor will I accept an offering from you’” (Malachi 1:10). This verse reminds us that God does not need our offerings. He is complete and sufficient without us. And He does not need us to worship Him. But He wants us to worship Him as a sign that we are committed to Him. Those offerings were a sign that the people were indebted to God for life and every blessing. Giving Him offerings was a way for them to acknowledge His goodness and faithfulness. 

            God wants dedication from a people even if it is not Israel. God says, “For from the rising of the sun even to its setting, My name will be great among the nations, and in every place incense is going to be offered to My name, and a grain offering that is pure; for My name will be great among the nations” (Malachi 1:11). Notice the “for” here at the beginning of the verse. What follows describes what God is going to do because of Israel’s repeated disobedience and disregard for God. This verse predicts a future time when Gentiles will see the light of God and become worshippers of God (this occurs in the book of Acts). Because at this time—in the Old Testament—God’s focus is on the nation of Israel as His nation He’s chosen to display His glory. But after hundreds of years of the nation of Israel rebelling against Him, He will eventually turn to the nations for proper worship.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

3. Giving God the Best (Mal 1:6)

January 26, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There was a problem in Israel. The people were not giving God the honor He deserved. This was evident in the poor quality of sacrifices that the people were bringing to the temple in Malachi’s time (400 B.C.). Because of this, God speaks through the prophet Malachi, “‘A son honors his father, and a servant his master. Then if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is My respect?’ says the Lord of hosts to you, O priests who despise My name. But you say, ‘How have we despised Your name?’” (Malachi 1:6)

            The problem starts with the priests. God addresses them here, “O priests who despise My name.” The message here is addressed to the priests directly, but because of their failures the nation of Israel was also guilty. And Israel invites God to present the case here when they respond, “How have we despised Your name?” So God says, You asked, let me tell you.

            The regular sacrifices the people brought God were supposed to praise Him for what He had done for them as well as cleanse their sins before Him. The sacrifices had different purposes. Some were for forgiveness and acceptance while others were for dedication and celebration. We don’t know exactly which sacrifices Malachi is describing here (Sabbath offering, New Moon, Passover, Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur). But the occasion or specific example was not important. What was important was doing the sacrifices in the right way.

            The offering had to pass two important tests that only the people bringing them and God would know. It had to be the first of the flock and it had to be the best of the flock. To bring God a poor-quality offering revealed that you thought of God in a poor manner. In other words, “the quality of the gift indicates the value the giver places on the one receiving the gift.”[1] The sacrifices had to be perfect, also because those sacrifices pointed to the perfect Lamb of God who would in the future die for the sins of the world (1 John 1:9; Hebrews 10:1-14). If those sacrifices weren’t perfect how could they predict the perfect sacrifice: Jesus Christ the Son of God!

            It’s important to note that no one was ever saved in Israel because they brought sacrifices to God. The sacrifices were a way to maintain their relationship with God. Nowhere in the Old Testament does it say that someone followed the Law and he or she was saved. The Law and sacrifices were a means of sanctification, not salvation. Salvation came through faith in God (see Gen 15:6). Sanctification came through animals and offerings.

            While we who live under the new covenant and not under the Old Testament Law no longer bring sacrifices to the temple to atone for our sins, we are still expected to bring the best of what we have to God. We must give God our best. We should dedicate a portion of our time where we are the most awake, alert, and attentive to Him to read His word and to pray to Him. We need to make it a priority to give financially to church as one of the first things we do when we are paid. We need to make it a priority in our week to gather with God’s people—the church—in fellowship each week. We do these things because God deserves our best.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 51.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

2. Godly Praise (Mal 1:5)

January 26, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Malachi is the last book of the Old Testament with some enduring messages for us. While Israel was sad that they were not the prominent nation that they used to be, God tells the Israelites that He will punish the foreign nations in the future because of what they have done to Israel (See Malachi 1:3-4).

            Then God tells them, “Your eyes will see this and you will say, ‘The LORD be magnified beyond the border of Israel!’” (Malachi 1:5). Israel and their descendants will praise God when they see His goodness and love for them. Hopefully the people will no longer doubt God’s love for them.      

            We too should praise God in the future because of His love for us. Even though we might find ourselves in situations in which we don’t want to be, we need to remember God’s love for us and praise Him. Sometimes we don’t feel God’s love, but we still need to praise Him. Why? Because other people are watching.

            One Bible teacher I read recently wrote, “We need to remind ourselves that the trials we experience as individuals or congregations are also opportunities to glorify God before a watching world. That’s how Paul viewed his imprisonment and possible death in Rome (Phil 1:12-26), and that’s the way we must look at the testing God sends our way. Every difficulty is an opportunity to demonstrate to others what the Lord can do for those who put their trust in Him.”[1]

            The Israelites knew about the love of God, but they didn’t feel it at that time. So Malachi starts off this prophecy with God’s love for them. Even though the Israelites had done a lot of things wrong, Malachi starts his book reminding Israel of God’s love.

            And we too, at times might struggle to feel God’s love for us. Sure, we know He loves us because He chose us before we were born (Ephesians 1:4-5), He sent his Son to die for us (Galatians 2:20), He makes us sons and daughters of Him (Galatians 4:5), and His Holy Spirit lives inside of us (1 Corinthians 6:19).

            We need to remind ourselves of God’s love for us. We do this by knowing God’s Word, praying to Him, talking with Him, and keeping a list of ways we see Him working in our lives.

            We need to remind others of God’s love for them too. We do this by listening to them when they are going through tough times, bringing them groceries or medicine when they are ill, and calling them to check in on them on a regular basis.

            We know about God’s love, but we don’t always feel it. As we go about our week let’s remind ourselves of God’s love for us and remind others of God’s love for them too.


[1] Warren Wiersbe, Be Amazed (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1996), 177.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

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