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Christopher L. Scott

1. Suffering for Others (1 Cor 1:3-4)

February 8, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

An 80 year-old man still talks about a miscarriage him and his wife had when they were in their twenties. It was painful and hurtful. It was devastating to them. But to this day, more than 50 years later, he knows that experience has helped him comfort others. In his words, “I would never be able to comfort others experiencing the grief of a miscarriage if I had not myself been through the pain of a miscarriage.” But that man’s sentiment is not new. Paul wrote something similar to the believers living in the city of Corinth.

            “Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ, the Father of mercies and God of all comfort, who comforts us in all our affliction so that we will be able to comfort those who are in any affliction with the comfort with which we ourselves are comforted by God” (2 Corinthians 1:3-4, NASB).[1]

            Let me, if I may, point out a few important things in these two verses. Notice Paul tells us that God comforts us in “all” of our afflictions. Every emotional thought and every painful tear involve God’s comfort. A boyfriend cheating on us, a job taken away from us, a marriage that slips away from us, or time of good health that alludes us. He is with us through each and every painful experience we endure.  

            Let’s also notice that there’s a purpose Paul describes in the comforting that occurs in affliction. Paul writes that God comforts us in our affliction “so that” we may be able to comfort others in their affliction. I know that it might sound cliché that we are in affliction and comforted in that affliction so that we can comfort others. While suffering and difficult experiences cause us severe pain, we must remember that those experiences often serve a purpose later to comfort others.

            Pastor Tony Evans writes about these verses, “If anyone assures you that you can avoid suffering like health problems, mental anguish, relationship difficulties, or financial straits—provided that you have enough faith—they’re not telling you the truth. Paul was a visible and verbal follower of Christ who stood head and shoulders above other Christians in terms of faithfulness. And he suffered greatly—not in spite of his faith but because of his faith in and obedience to Christ. Paul’s suffering and ours is directly related to God’s purpose of using us to minister to others.”[2]

            I know most of us reading these words right now are going through tough times of suffering. But God’s message to us in 1 Corinthians is that He will comfort us at this time during our affliction, and He will give us plenty of opportunities in the future to comfort others as they experience similar afflictions in which we’ve already endured.  


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] Tony Evans, The Tony Evans Bible Commentary (Nashville, TN: Holman Bible Publishers, 2019), 1180.

Filed Under: Articles from 2 Corinthians

10. The Christian’s Secret Sauce (1 Cor 13:4-7)

February 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In a recent interview NASCAR driver Jimmy Johnson revealed his “secret sauce” for his racing success. In his career when he won five straight NASCAR championships and later won two more which tied him with Richard Petty and Dale Earnhardt Sr. But Jimmy had a “secret sauce” that him and his crew chief followed that led to their success.

            It was testing. Jimmy and his team would drive to racetracks during the week and test their cars for hours at a time. They’d try different shocks in the car springs, different air pressures in the tires, or adjust the suspension higher or lower. He describes those testing trips to different race tracks as the “secret sauce” that led to his success.

            For believers, we too have a secret sauce. Ours does not deal with practice in race cars. Ours is about love for others. Paul describes that love in the thirteenth chapter of 1 Corinthians:

            “Love is patient, love is kind and is not jealous; love does not brag and is not arrogant, does not act unbecomingly; it does not seek its own, is not provoked, does not take into account a wrong suffered, does not rejoice in unrighteousness, but rejoices with the truth; bears all things, believes all things, hopes all things, endures all things” (1 Corinthians 13:4-7, NASB)[1]

            When someone says something mean, we respond in love by being kind (even when we want to say something mean back at them). When someone fails to follow through on a commitment, we respond in love by offering them another chance (even when we want to explain how much the person disappointed us).

            Last week I arrived at a coffee shop in which I had prearranged (and prepaid) for a large batch of coffee to be prepared for me to take to the public school staff next to our church. As I arrived at the coffee shop the coffee was not ready, I waited fifteen minutes for them to gather the coffee, cups, lids, stir sticks, creamer, and sugar together. All that stuff was supposed to happen before I arrived. When the young barista handed me the coffee fifteen minutes later I smiled and handed her a five dollar bill as a personal tip. Love!

            Love is our secret sauce that leads to our success as believers when we interact with the world and our community of believers.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

9. Learning and Using Your Spiritual Gift (1 Cor 12:7, 11, 25-26)

February 6, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There are two kinds of people that serve in a church. There is the person that knows what her spiritual gift is and actively uses it. And there is the person that doesn’t know what her spiritual gift is yet still serves in the church.

            How is a spiritual gift different than human ability? Human ability is given from our physical parents while spiritual gifts are given from our spiritual father. Human ability is received at physical birth while spiritual gifts are received at spiritual birth when we become a Christian. Human ability is for the benefit of mankind while spiritual gifts are for the benefit of the church.

            The Bible describes spiritual gifts in four separate passages. Each time the author is hoping to teach his readers what the gifts are and how to employ them.  The apostle Paul writes to the believers in the church at Corinth hoping they’ll become people that know what their spiritual gift is and who actively use it.

            Paul tells the believers in Corinth that spiritual gifts are given so that we can help each other, “But to each one is given the manifestation of the Spirit for the common good.” (1 Corinthians 12:7, NASB) Paul then lists several different gifts: word of wisdom, word of knowledge, faith, healing, miracles, prophecy, distinguishing of spirits, tongues, and interpretation of tongues (1 Corinthians 12:10). It’s clear that the Spirit gives these different gives to different people, “But one and the same Spirit works all these things, distributing to each one individually just as He wills.” (1 Corinthians 12:11)

            After these important truths about the gifts of the Spirit, Paul reminds them that the gifts are used in the church in the same way our body uses different body parts. Each body part relies on others and needs each other. He sums up his metaphor about the gifts of the spirit being like body parts saying the goal of the gifts are “that there may be no division in the body, but that the members may have the same care for one another. And if one member suffers, all the members suffer with it; if one member is honored, all the members rejoice with it.” (1 Corinthians 12:25-26)

            Scripture teaches us that spiritual gifts are meant to be used now (Eph 4:12-13). Scripture doesn’t say a believer loses his or her spiritual gift.

            But how do we discover and deploy our spiritual gift? First, read about the gifts described in the Bible (Romans 12:4-8; 1 Corinthians 12:4-31; Ephesians 4:7-14; 1 Peter 4:10-11). Second, pray for God to reveal to us which gift He has given to us. Third, say “yes” when our pastor or church leaders ask us to help serve in a church ministry.

            After spending some time in God’s Word, praying to God, and experimenting with different areas of service, I hope we all can be part of the group of people in the church that knows their spiritual gift and actively serves.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

8. Accommodating Others Shows Love (1 Cor 10:31-11:1)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In the Left Behind fictional book series there’s a statement that has always stood out to me. Cameron “Buck” Williams is the protagonist throughout the books (played by Kirk Cameron and Nicholas Cage in the films). Among Buck’s travels he meets Ken Ritz, a private pilot that ends up flying Buck in and out of some difficult situations. While Buck is a Christian; Ken Ritz is not.

            But Ken’s commitment to help Buck with his Christian ministry is unwavering. At one point the non-believing pilot Ken tells Buck, “I’ve seen the way you people take care of each other.” Ken had seen how the Christians during the tribulation were desperately working hard to take care of each other and meet needs.

            What a testimony we can have as believers to the non-Christian world when we love and care for each other sacrificially.

            There was in issue in the city of Corinth that required the Christians to sacrifice and accommodate each other. Paul wrote, “Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God. Give no offense either to Jews or to Greeks or to the church of God; just as I also please all men in all things, not seeking my own profit but the profit of the many, so that they may be saved. Be imitators of me, just as I also am of Christ.” (1 Corinthians 10:31-11:1, NASB)[1]

            Just before this Paul describes how there were issues among the Christians regarding eating meat. There was meat that had been sacrificed to idols and served at pagan feasts. There also was meat sacrificed to idols that eventually was brought to the meat market, purchased by individuals, and taken home and served at private dinners.

            What Paul was telling the people here is that they are okay to eat that meat unless they are questioned by people. If  someone was unsure and asked if it should be eaten or not, a Christian was obligated to abstain from eating the meat as a way to accommodate the conscious of his or her fellow believer.

            In other words, Christians restricted their liberty at the request of others. Even if they were hungry!

            As Christians now we show our love for others carefully evaluating our actions and how they might affect others. If a Christian brother is on a diet, we should choose to eat healthy food in front of him. If a Christian sister is trying to manage her money well, we should not invite her out to eat at expensive restaurants with us.

            One of the ways that people can identify us as Christians is how we care for each other and make accommodations for each other.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

7. Enduring Temptation (1 Cor 10:13)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“Put it in your pocket and when you feel tempted, touch it and rub it.” That was the common advice our addiction recovery small group leader would give people when he gave out the sobriety tokens.

            Recovery is a life-long battle. And as a pastor I can verify that some folks who get off drugs, stop drinking alcohol, or shed a gambling addiction are never “free” of the temptations of their addictions. Many times I’ve seen folks clean and sober for years, sometimes decades, only to relapse into addiction. Usually it happens, from my observations, when someone is going through an extreme trial in life or that person is placed in an extremely tempting situation. (Sometimes it involves both.)

            But Paul’s words to the Corinthian church gives us hope when we battle temptations. This verse is a tool we can have in our toolbelt. It equips us for the battle against our struggles and trials that appear often in the form of temptations. Paul tells the Corinthians:

            “No temptation has overtaken you but such as is common to man; and God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will provide the way of escape also, so that you will be able to endure it.” 1 Corinthians 10:13 (NASB) [1]

            What a great source of hope this verse provides us! God will not let us be challenged beyond what we can handle. He will not let us get in over our head. Charles Ryrie says when this verse describes a “way of escape” it means “power to be able to bear testing” (Ryrie Study Bible, p. 1423).

            How do we do this? It will look different for everyone. We need to have a friend we can rely on that we can call at any time to say, “Hey, I’m struggling right now. Can we talk?” We need a small group that we can send a text message to and ask them to pray. We need a Scripture to memorize that we can quote in our mind when we feel tempted. We need a pastor we know we can call and organize a coffee or lunch with to discuss our struggles.

            While facing temptation will look different for each person, the outcome is always the same when we rely on God. We will be able to endure them! 


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

6. Stretching and Connecting with Others (1 Cor 9:19-22)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Last year our church had its first ever “Harvest Party” event on October 31. After announcing the event a few times during our church service, a couple people expressed concern that we were doing a church event on October 31st. They were afraid we were endorsing Halloween and celebrating that holiday.

            I appreciated people sharing their concern with me because it meant I had poorly communicated the purpose of us starting that annual event. As a result I started telling those people and our church that we were doing a Harvest Party on October 31st as a way to engage our community. It was a way to have families come to our church so we could get to know those living nearby our church. While it often is hard to invite people to attend our church, doing an event on October 31st where we organize games and giveaway candy to kids was a way to have people come to our church.

            The apostle Paul modeled this “engagement” of the community around him as described in 1 Corinthians 9:19-22, “For though I am free from all men, I have made myself a slave to all, so that I may win more. To the Jews I became as a Jew, so that I might win Jews; to those who are under the Law, as under the Law though not being myself under the Law, so that I might win those who are under the Law; to those who are without law, as without law, though not being without the law of God but under the law of Christ, so that I might win those who are without law. To the weak I became weak, that I might win the weak; I have become all things to all men, so that I may by all means save some.” (NASB)[1]

            The apostle Paul traveled more than 3,000 miles by foot and boat to share the gospel with anyone he could get an audience with. He went to Jewish synagogues, he went out to people on the river (Acts 16), and he discussed religion with the philosophers (Acts 17).

            Paul used people’s cultures and backgrounds as an entry point to talk with them about the gospel. He used their history and culture to draw those people into a relationship with God. And that same principle that Paul used for ministry can be used by us today. We can take national holidays or local events and use them as entry points to draw people close to God.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

5. Love for Others Guides Our Actions (1 Cor 8:8-13)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Myself and three other pastors were at an airport leaving a conference. We were going to a restaurant together while waiting for our flights. One guy in our group walked up to me, placed his hand on my shoulder and asked: “Would you mind if I drink a beer at the restaurant while we wait for our flights?”

            That interaction with my pastor friend was a good reminder that our love for others guides our actions in front of them. His love for me guided whether or not he should drink a beer in front of me. (I’m confident that if it would have been an issue for me to watch him drink, he would have decided not to drink a beer.)

            The believers in Corinth faced a similar situation but theirs involved meat, not beer. The Greeks and Romans would burn the less desirable parts of animals as religious sacrifices to their gods, but keep the best parts of the animals and eat those. Often those desirable parts of the animals were sold in the marketplace to normal everyday people like the Christians.

            This caused the Corinthians to have to consider two questions. Was it okay to eat this meat? Was it okay to eat this meat in front of other Christians that believed it was wrong to eat the meat?

            Paul describes the correct action for them to take in 1 Corinthians 8:8-13, “But food will not commend us to God; we are neither the worse if we do not eat, nor the better if we do eat. But take care that this liberty of yours does not somehow become a stumbling block to the weak. For if someone sees you, who have knowledge, dining in an idol’s temple, will not his conscience, if he is weak, be strengthened to eat things sacrificed to idols? For through your knowledge he who is weak is ruined, the brother for whose sake Christ died. And so, by sinning against the brethren and wounding their conscience when it is weak, you sin against Christ. Therefore, if food causes my brother to stumble, I will never eat meat again, so that I will not cause my brother to stumble” (NASB).[1]

            Paul tells them to eat what they want, but only eat it if it does not cause harm to others. Their freedom did not supersede their obligation to be considerate of others. If eating this meat in front of others offends them, then they should not eat it.

            And this impacts us today. If someone we know has struggled with drinking alcohol in the past, we should abstain from drinking alcohol in front of them. If our spouse is on a diet to lose weight, we should not eat the fatty foods in front of them. If we know someone is trying to quit smoking, we should not smoke in front of him or her.

            Paul’s message to the Corinthians is the same message to Christians: Our love for others should guide our actions in front of them.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

4. Change Shows Change (1 Cor 6:9-11)

February 4, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

I used to lose my temper all the time when I was young. I remember throwing my cell phone once and breaking it because it wasn’t working right. I remember two times, I threw golf clubs and broke them. Along with losing my temper I also would lose control of my mouth. It embarrasses me to think of some of the words I would say in the midst of my rage.

            But when I became a Christian at twenty-three, my anger problems dissolved. That change of behavior is what Paul describes to believers in the city of Corinth.

            “Or do you not know that the unrighteous will not inherit the kingdom of God? Do not be deceived; neither fornicators, nor idolaters, nor adulterers, nor effeminate, nor homosexuals, nor thieves, nor the covetous, nor drunkards, nor revilers, nor swindlers, will inherit the kingdom of God. Such were some of you; but you were washed, but you were sanctified, but you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:9-11, NASB).[1]

            Paul’s main point here is that faith in God must make the believers in Corinth different than non-believers. The “effeminate” and “homosexuals” were people common among the Romans and Greeks. In fact, fourteen of the first fifteen Roman emperors practiced homosexuality. Paul was making it clear that a Christian should not be confused with such things. Paul essentially tells us today that faith in God leads to a change in lifestyle.

            The change for me occurred with my temper. No longer did I “lose my temper” after becoming a Christian. Instead, I now have control over it. It does not control me. This shows the change that has occurred because of my faith in God.

            Do I still feel anger from time-to-time? Yes, of course. I feel that old temper start to flare up, like a volcano about to erupt, but I control it now. I’m no longer controlled by my anger because I am no longer a slave to my sin nature. “We know that our old sinful selves were crucified with Christ so that sin might lose its power in our lives. We are no longer slaves to sin” (Romans 6:6, NLT).

            Now I have the Holy Spirit that lives in me and helps me control that sinful anger. As Paul’s words remind us, “You were washed . . . you were sanctified . . . you were justified in the name of the Lord Jesus Christ and in the Spirit of our God” (1 Corinthians 6:11, emphasis mine).

            Through Christ’s death on the Cross, our faith in Him for salvation, and the Holy Spirit that lives in us now, we have been set free from sin’s power and control over our lives.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

3. Keeping God’s Temple Clean (1 Cor 3:16-17)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

I spent the week thinking about how to make the Sunday church service an environment where we could praise God and enjoy fellowship together. This meant recruiting greeters to work outside to welcome people, printing a bulletin for each person to have along with teaching notes for the sermon, ensuring the air conditioning worked well, and having someone clean the church facility before everyone arrived on Sunday. The environment for people to come and worship God was prepared.

            But someone else had been working all week to destroy it. He probably didn’t intend to do this, but he was good at it. And he did it almost every week. Carl would arrive at church, enter the door, and immediately look for me. All week he had been thinking about an issue or problem with the church. When he arrived at church he wanted to talk with me, the associate pastor of our church in California, about what was wrong with our church and what I needed to do to fix it (or what I had already failed to do to fix it).

            A morning intended for praise for our Lord quickly became a morning focused on criticizing the associate pastor. The result was an awkward conflict that was publicly scene often in front of others.

            Carl had a habit—and he was good at it—of destroying the atmosphere of love for one another and praise of God at church. This was one of the scenarios Paul warns the believers about in the city of Corinth: “Do you not know that you are a temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you? If any man destroys the temple of God, God will destroy him, for the temple of God is holy, and that is what you are.” (1 Corinthians 3:16-17, NASB)[1]

            These two verses describe how God’s people and the church are the temple of God. In 1 Corinthians 6:19 Paul describes the individual as being the temple of God, but that is not the intended meaning here in 1 Corinthians 3:16-17. This is because “you” in verse 16 is plural in the Greek and the passage starts in verse 10 describing the building of God’s church as a group of people not one person.

            But what does this mean for us? If we find ourselves being that man that causes trouble to God’s church we need to accept that things won’t always be the way they should be. Churches are not perfect even if we try our best to make them that way. This means we need to accept that our churches and the people working in them are flawed.

            If we find ourselves being troubled by someone, let go. Each Sunday we need to “let go.” Don’t fight. Don’t cause a scene. Just be kind and let it go.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

2. Imperfect People Following a Perfect God (1 Cor 2:1-5)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Life is messy. And as believers it’s a relief to say those words, and admit that is how the world is. (As a pastor I can admit that church work is messy too!)

            More people would visit our church services on Sundays or try out our Bible studies during the week, if we admitted that life is messy. If they knew that they could come as they are and not have to be perfect, they would more likely visit us. If they knew they didn’t have to present the perfect image or let everyone know they have it all together, then they would be more likely to become part of our faith communities.

            The apostle Paul had arrived in the city of Corinth after a discouraging experience in Athens (Acts 17:15-33). He was also probably anxious about the believers he had just left in the city of Thessalonica (Acts 17:1-14). When he arrived in the city of Corinth he saw sin, wickedness, prostitution, and drunkenness. Paul’s arrival to Corinth only added to his anxiety that started in Athens and Thessalonica.

            Paul wrote about this messy life to the believers in Corinth, “And when I came to you, brethren, I did not come with superiority of speech or of wisdom, proclaiming to you the testimony of God. For I determined to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and Him crucified. I was with you in weakness and in fear and in much trembling, and my message and my preaching were not in persuasive words of wisdom, but in demonstration of the Spirit and of power, so that your faith would not rest on the wisdom of men, but on the power of God.” 1 Corinthians 2:1-5 (NASB)[1]

            In these five verses I believe Paul gives us three principles we can follow that will help people (both inside and outside the church) understand that we don’t have everything figured out.

            First, share our story. Tell others about what we’ve been through; about the good and bad decisions we’ve made, as well as what we have learned through the process.

            Second, know Scripture. Through our story we see how God has worked in our lives and provided for us. Including Scripture shows others how God was working through us and our circumstances.

            Third, let God do His work. There is only so much that we can do and control in our lives. At some point can release control of our circumstances and our desired outcomes. Instead of trying to create what we want, we can let God work in our lives.

            For us to minister to others we don’t need to brag about “how clean our lives have become because of Christ.” We can instead show others how “God still accepts us when we are messed up” because life is messy.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

1. Free and Guaranteed (1 Cor 4:1-9)

February 3, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

When I was 15 years-old I tried to spend as much time as possible at the golf course. I played golf with a lot of older men that shared their wisdom with me. I distinctly remember one man telling me to beware of two words: “free” and “guaranteed.” He told me: “Christopher, remember these two things in life: One, nothing in life is free. Two, nothing in life is guaranteed.”

            He continued on and said that when you hear someone say that something is “free” there will always be a price to pay later on. There might be a request for your contact information, time involved in order to get the free thing – or the free thing might only be part of what you want, so you have to pay for the other half.

            He also explained that if something is guaranteed there’s usually a catch. Often a guarantee is only good for a limited time, or you have to have the receipt, or the guarantee could be voided based on specific conditions.

            That advice came to my mind as I read Paul’s introduction to his letter to the believers in the city of Corinth, “I thank my God always concerning you for the grace of God which was given you in Christ Jesus, that in everything you were enriched in Him, in all speech and all knowledge, even as the testimony concerning Christ was confirmed in you, so that you are not lacking in any gift, awaiting eagerly the revelation of our Lord Jesus Christ, who will also confirm you to the end, blameless in the day of our Lord Jesus Christ. God is faithful, through whom you were called into fellowship with His Son, Jesus Christ our Lord” (1 Corinthians 1:4-9, NASB).[1]

            In Paul’s introduction he starts with his expression of thanks. He gives thanks because God’s gift of salvation had been given to these believers in Corinth. “the grace of God was given to you in Christ” (1 Cor 1:4b). This was a guarantee for them, “our Lord Jesus Christ, who will also confirm you to the end” (1 Cor 7:7b-8a). Notice that word “confirm” that Paul uses. It means guarantee. Paul told the Corinthians that they had God’s guarantee that they would be in Christ’s presence at His future return to the earth. The reason for this guarantee is stated in the next verse, “God is faithful” (1 Cor 1:9a).

            That man I was playing golf with gave me good advice. Nothing is free and there are no guarantees. With one exception: when we place our faith in God for salvation it is a free gift offered to us. “The free gift of God is eternal life in Christ Jesus our Lord” (Romans 6:23b). This free gift of eternal life guarantees our place in heaven forever (Romans 8:31-39). We know that God is faithful. His offer of salvation is free and it’s guaranteed.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from 1 Corinthians

The Passion Leaders Must Have for Purity

January 30, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

If there’s one thing I know about you and me it’s this: each of us can improve in our sexual purity. How do I know that? We live in a culture that bombards us with videos, newspaper ads, music, social media pictures, TV commercials, billboards, and beer commercials that use sex to get and keep our attention.

            While we can talk about how to grow the number of people attending a church, I believe it’s also important we talk about how to grow the people already attending a church. If there is one area that every person in every church can grow in, it’s sexual purity. But, for the people to grow in their sexual purity we as Christian leaders first must grow in our own sexual purity.

            In 1 Thessalonians 4:1–8 Paul teaches us that God’s will for Christians is to abstain from sexual immorality, to control their lusts and passions, and to not violate their fellow humans in sexual sin.

            Let’s examine Paul’s exhortation to the Thessalonians about how purity is the passion Christians pursue, especially for leaders.

TRADITION[1]

Instruction

Paul begins a transition in this letter from doctrine (1 Thessalonians 1–3) to duty (1 Thessalonians 4–5) with instruction, “Finally then, brethren, we request and exhort you in the Lord Jesus, that as you received from us instruction as to how you ought to walk and please God (just as you actually do walk), that you excel still more” (1 Thess 4:1).[2] The phrase “Finally then” signifies a shift into a new section.

            In this verse there is a request. Paul writes, “we request and exhort you.” Here he uses two words that often have separate meanings but are synonymous. Using “request” and “exhort” shows that there is importance by saying the same thing twice.

            In this verse there is a reception. Paul writes, “as you received from us instruction.” The Greek word for “received” is paralabete and is used for accepting instructions that are passed on as tradition from a teacher to a follower. Paul often used this word regarding the doctrinal traditions and ethical instructions he passed on to his followers which he expected them to keep.[3]

            In this verse there is a direction. Paul writes, “how you ought to walk and please God.” The word “walk” is a metaphor New Testament writers often used to describe a person’s lifestyle.[4] Walking is a step-by-step process in which you make progress towards a goal or destination. While Paul was tender and affectionate, he never lost sight of the high demands Christ makes on his followers. Here that demand is to “please God.” In order to please God we need to walk in a way and in a direction that honors him. And we should “excel still more.” Paul is saying there is no such thing as static holiness. Sanctification is a dynamic and progressive walk with God. Everyone lives to please someone: a parent, boss, spouse, child, or just himself. But the Christian lives to please God.

Commandments

Paul continues this transition from doctrine to duty with commandments, “For you know what commandments we gave you by the authority of the Lord Jesus” (1 Thess 4:2). Here we are told the reason, “For you know.” This is not something they’re told for the first time. Essentially, Paul is saying the Thessalonians need to continue down the ways he had already showed them.

            Again, for a second time we see the phrase “of the Lord Jesus.” This is a reminder that what Paul taught and how Christians live is not based on the standards or practices from society, instead there are instructions and commands given to Christians from God himself. That word for “commandments” is parangelia. It was a military term. Xenophon (430–355 BC)[5] and Polybius (200–118 BC)[6] each use the word parangelia for commands given by the officer to his men. It was a word that has a connotation of authority.

            Next Paul transitions from instruction in 1 Thessalonians 4:1–2 to implementation in 1 Thessalonians 4:3–6a. He’s shifting from the tradition which he taught the Thessalonians to the task he has for them.

TASK

First Thessalonians 4:3a is one of my favorite verses of Scripture because it’s so clear: “this is the will of God, your sanctification.”Paul writes that declarative statement then proceeds to list three elements of our sanctification as it relates to sexual purity.[7] Let’s explore the first “will of God” as it relates to participation in sexual sin.

Participation

The first application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should have no participation with sexual immorality. Paul writes, “that you abstain from sexual immorality” (1 Thess 4:3b). The phrase “sexual immorality” is translated from the Greek word porneia. What is sexual immorality? John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock write, “Sexual immorality (porneia) is a broad, all–inclusive term that refers to all sexual relations outside monogamous, heterosexual marriage (fornication, adultery, homosexuality, and pornography). God’s standard for sexual ethics is very simple: the only one-flesh, sexual relationship God sanctions is between a man and a woman after marriage and within marriage.”[8]

            Demosthenes (384–322 BC) was a Greek statesman and speaker in Athens who said this about the home life of a man in Greek culture, “Mistresses we keep for the sake of pleasure, concubines for the daily care of our persons, but wives to bear us legitimate children and to be faithful guardians of our households.”[9] In the Thessalonian culture it was expected and accepted that men seek satisfaction for their sexual desires outside of marriage. The church probably had received pressure to accommodate this.

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:3b God’s will for us is to stay away from sexual sin.This has to do with participation. When it says abstain “from” sexual sin that’s the Greek preposition ek. Prepositions describe the relationship or location between objects. Imagine a circle. The preposition ek in Greek describes something that starts on the outside edge of a circle and moves away from the circle.[10] In other words, when Paul says to “abstain from sexual immorality” he’s saying we must run from sexual sin and refuse to participate in it.  

            However, current statistics on the sexual sin of Christians shows we are failing. According to Focus on the Family president Jim Daly, 68 percent of men in the church look at porn once a month.[11] According to a Promise Keepers survey, half of the men at one of their conferences said they had viewed pornography the previous week.[12] According to Covenant Eyes, 64 percent of Christian men and 15 percent of Christian women view porn at least once a month.[13]

            If those statistics are true, then we’re not doing very good at staying away from sexual sin. So how do we define “sexual purity?” Here’s my simple formula. If you’re married then the only person you should ever see or think about as naked is your spouse. If you’re single then you should never see or think about anyone as naked.

Prevention

The second application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should prevent themselves from engaging in sexual immorality. Paul writes, “that each of you know how to possess his own vessel in sanctification and honor, not in lustful passion, like the Gentiles who do not know God” (1 Thess 4:4–5). Just as we have a desire for food or for sleep and we learn to control those desires, we also have sexual desires we need to learn to control.

            Paul tells us that the believer controls his or her body (v. 4). That word for “vessel” likely references the body of a believer. Paul is emphasizing the same truth here in 1 Thessalonians 4:4–5 as 4:3, but in a positive way. Just as we stay away from sin, we also learn to control our bodies. There are certain fleshly passions we have which we need to control.

            Paul tells us that the believer is contrary to unbelievers (v. 5). The phrase “lustful passion” is translated from the word pathei “passion” and epithimias “lustful.” If there’s one thing that should make Christians stand out, it should be our sexual purity.

            The God empowered man rules his body; his body does not rule him. It’s hard and difficult, but with the right adjustments to what we see and think, we can control our bodies. The late New Testament scholar F.F. Bruce once wrote, “The body must be treated as the Lord’s property and not used as a means of wanton self-indulgence.”[14]

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:4–5 God’s will for us is to stop our bodies from sexual sin. This has to do with prevention. If there are sexual sins we struggle with then we need to find out what fuels that struggle and stop it. This means we have to know our own bodies. What weakens our self–control? What trips us up? Do we feel certain temptations when we are lonely? Do we notice our thoughts are not as pure after watching an R–rated movies? About ten years ago I stopped watching football because the TV showed the cheerleaders when returning from commercials. Seeing those women jumping up and down and kicking their legs in the air caused struggles in my purity. So I stopped watching football.

            The key for your sexual purity might not be football, but you need to find out what causes you to stumble and struggle. Lock it away and throw away the key. Block it out. Find the fuel and cut it.

Protection

The third application of our sanctification focuses on how Christians should protect others from our sexual immorality. Paul writes, “and that no man transgress and defraud his brother in the matter” (1 Thess 4:6a). The word “matter” there of course is sexual sin (see verses 3–5). That word for “transgress” is the Greek word hyperbainen and means to cross a boundary or to overstep. It’s like displaying a “Don’t trespass sign” on a piece of property. That word “defraud” is the word pleonektein and can be translated as “exploit.” It often means “to overreach, to take advantage of, to take more.”[15] Here’s the point. Sexual purity is not just about you. Your sexual sin directly hurts others.

            According to 1 Thessalonians 4:6a God’s will for us is to safeguard others from our sexual sin. This has to do with protection. Our sexual sin hurts others. Research shows adult entertainment actors have higher rates of suicide, are more likely to use illicit drugs (cocaine, heroine, etc.), more often suffer from depression, and are at greater risk to develop alcohol dependency.

            Our sin of watching porn hurts others directly. Let me prove it. Does a man’s adultery hurt his wife and kids? How does a wife respond to her husband watching porn? When an attractive person walks by and you undress that person with your eyes in front of your spouse, how does that make your spouse feel?

TENSION

Halfway through 1 Thessalonians 4:6 there’s a shift from Paul saying what we do to why. Here he gives three reasons for what he has just shared.

            First, Paul says sexual purity prevents God’s punishment,“because the Lord is the avenger in all these things, just as we also told you before” (1 Thess 4:6b).God says that He will take action against these sins. God will allow the consequences of our sin to discipline us. Pastor Tony Evans writes, “One of the most attractive lies about sexual immorality is that we can get away with the thrill and not experience negative consequences.”[16] God ultimately works out the payment for such sins.

            Second, Paul says sexual purityreflects God’s call, “For God has not called us for the purpose of impurity, but in sanctification”(1 Thess 4:7).Our lifestyle regarding sexuality reflects who we are. Are we still sinners that are slaves to sin? Or have we been called by God out of darkness and into the light? If we are called by God it means we are set apart for Him. Paul writes in Ephesians 1:4, “just as He chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him.” Peter writes, “but like the Holy One who called you, be holy yourselves also in all your behavior; because it is written, ‘You shall be holy, for I am holy’” (1 Peter 1:15–16).

            Third, Paul says sexual purity shows we accept God,“So, he who rejects this is not rejecting man but the God who gives His Holy Spirit to you” (1 Thess 4:8).In order to abide by God’s sexual ethic we must be empowered by the Holy Spirit. Sexual purity is not just about man-made “dos and don’ts” but instead is about failing God and rejecting God. God’s Holy Spirit—the third member of the Godhead—is a gift given to those who believe in Jesus Christ.[17] The Holy Spirit purifies us and sets us apart as God’s people.

CONCLUSION

As we conclude this article I don’t want to condemn people or make them feel guilty for past sins. Maybe someone had sexual activity in their past while not a Christian, or didn’t know any better, or simply just did what family or friends all did. Everything in our culture tells us that sexuality should be enjoyed by everyone everywhere whenever they want. I don’t want you to feel guilty or discouraged by those past behaviors. Instead, let’s start today. From this day forward commit to sexual purity.

            Paul tells the church in 1 Thessalonians 4:1–8 it’s God’s will to stay away from sexual sin (v. 3b), to stop our bodies from sexual sin (vv. 4–5), and to safeguard others from sexual sin (v. 6a).

            God’s will for Christian leaders is that we abstain from sexual immorality, learn to control our lusts and passions, and not violate our fellow humans in sexual sin. This is because purity is the passion pastors must have.


[1] You can find an outline of 1 Thessalonians as well as many other free resources at christopherlynnscott.com/free–resources/

[2] Unless otherwise noted, all Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] NET Bible (Biblical Studies Press, 2005), 2262. Cf. 1 Cor 11:2, 23; 15:1–3; Gal 1:9; Phil 4:9; 2 Thess 2:15; 3:6.

[4] See the metaphor in Rom 6:4; 2 Cor 5:7; Eph 4:1; 5:15; Col 1:10; 2:6; 4:5. Perhaps the “walk” metaphor builds on the first descriptions of Christians as followers of the “Way” (Acts 9:2; 19:23; 24:22).

[5] A Greek military leader, philosopher, and historian from Athens and Greece.

[6] A Greek historian based in Rome.

[7] The word sanctification is “God setting the believer apart for Himself” (Charles Ryrie, Basic Theology [Chicago: Moody, 1996], 630).

[8] John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, Walvoord Commentary Series, (Chicago: Moody, 2012), 59.

[9] Demosthenes, Against Neaera, 59.122.

[10] William Mounce, Basics of Biblical Greek (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2009), 61.

[11] “How to Guard Your Marriage from Temptation” Focus on the Family. https://www.focusonthefamily.com/episodes/broadcast/how–to–guard–your–marriage–from–temptation/. Accessed October 6, 2024.

[12] Randy Alcorn, The Purity Principle (Multnomah, 2003),10–11.

[13] Barna Group, 2014 Pornography Survey and Statistics, cited in Covenant Eyes’ Porn Stats: 250+ facts, quotes, and statistics about pornography use (2018 Edition), p. 22.

[14] F.F. Bruce, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, World Biblical Commentary vol. 45 (Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 2015), 84.

[15] A.T. Robertson, Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville: Broadman Press, 1933), no page number.

[16] Tony Evans Bible Commentary (Nashville: Holman Bible, 2019), 1265.

[17] Rom 8:9; 1 Cor 3:16; 12:13; 2 Cor 6:16.

Filed Under: Church Pastor and Leader Advice

15. Vacation in Heaven (Mal 4:2)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

One of the benefits of a vacation—in my opinion—is that it gives you something to look forward to enjoying in the future. The trials and struggles of today are easier when we know we will escape them on vacation. A difficult job becomes easier to bear when we plan a vacation from it. A chaotic household of kids is easier to withstand when we know we have a weekend getaway planned with adult friends and no kids. Knowing there is a vacation in the future helps us endure the trials of today. That’s true for us that endure suffering on earth now while waiting for heaven in the future.

            Malachi tells the faithful followers of God that had been enduring hardship, “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall” (Malachi 4:2, NASB).[1]

            These verses remind us that earth is not our permanent place. It reminds us that we have something better waiting for us. The text describes “the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings.” The people Malachi was writing to might have felt like they were in a dark world where there was no hope. We too sometimes feel there is no end in sight to the world’s evil and wickedness. But when Christ comes and ushers in the Day of the Lord, it will be like the sun with its sunrays shooting out appearing as “wings.” The image here is one of a dark cloudy day when the clouds break and you see some light shining through as a strong straight line. These are the “wings” of sunlight that God brings.

            The text also describes “and you will go forth and skip about like calves from a stall.” In other words, we will be free! We will be released from the bondage of this world where bad things happen to innocent people because of the Fall, because of the role of Satan in our world, because of the mistakes others make, and because of the mistakes we make.

            At a future time God’s people will be spiritually renewed and restored. This will be as clear as bright sunshine in a dark sky and like animals freed from their restrictive stalls.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

14. How Do We Overcome Evil in This World? (Mal 3:16-18; 4:2-6)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

At one of our men’s Bible study events one of the guys made a startling (but accurate) statement when he said, “We are going to suffer.” That’s true! But how do we overcome suffering? How do we overcome the evil in this world? Based on the last parts of the book of Malachi, I believe there are four ways we can overcome the evil and suffering in this world.

FEAR THE LORD

            “Then those who feared the Lord spoke to one another, and the Lord gave attention and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who fear the Lord and who esteem His name. . . But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall.” (Malachi 3:16, 4:2).[1]

            These verses tell us that we should have a respectful fear of God. He created the universe, He knew us before we were born, He sent His son to die for us, and He chose us to be part of His spiritual family. And because of that we have a relationship with Him. This leads us to fear and revere Him. When it says “those who feared the LORD” the word for “fear” there can be translated as “revere” or “to give credit, to give him his proper due.”

            These two verses also tell us we are recognized by God when we fear Him and stay the course. “and the LORD gave attention and heard it” (Malachi 3:16). God remembers the Israelite’s faithfulness to Him. God still listens to them, watches them, and focuses on them even when He is punishing everyone else.  We must remember that God knows us and sees our faithfulness no matter what situation we are in. At work when other people lie, steal, and cheat their way to the top, we need to remain steady and faithful to God. When we are tempted to cheat on our taxes like everyone else does, but we “give to Caesar what belongs to Caesar.” Or when we have to be the only one that works to pay the bills or discipline the kids, remember that God sees our faithfulness.

            And because of this small remnant of faithful believers the text says in Malachi 3:16 “the LORD gave attention and heard it, and a book of remembrance was written before Him for those who fear the LORD and who esteem His name.” In other words, God won’t forget their correct response to Him. This was a permanent remembrance of their faithful and reverent response kept in heaven. In this verse the noun zik-ka-rown (זִכָּרוֹן) is used to describe acting on what is being remembered, not simply a record to keep in mind. Now of course, God does not need a scroll to remember who is loyal to Him. But the writing on the scroll emphasizes for us the permanence of God’s intention to deliver these people in the future.

GROW IN THE LORD

            Second, to overcome evil in the world we grow in the Lord. “Remember the law of Moses My servant, even the statutes and ordinances which I commanded him in Horeb for all Israel.” (Malachi 4:4).

            To grow in the Lord we need to read His Word. In Malachi here “the law of Moses” describes the Torah that God had Moses write down (Genesis through Deuteronomy), but that phrase is also sometimes used to describe all the books of the Old Testament.

            To grow in the Lord we need to listen to his Word. Most people at that point in time did not read. So to “remember” the Word of God meant they had to hear it read. That’s why it’s good for churches to designate a specific part of the worship service to read a Scripture passage aloud each week for everyone to hear.  

            To grow in the Lord we need to do what His Word says. The Hebrew word used here is the verb zakar (זכר) which means “remember” but means more than just “memory.” It implies acting on what is remembered. So to remember the Law was to do what it says. If a mom that normally picks up her kids from school needs the dad to pick the kids up from school, there are two important elements for that change of routine. The dad needs the knowledge that he was expected to pick up the kids and he needs to do the action of going to pick up the kids from school. There was an action tied to that knowledge. That’s the same idea here too. To remember God’s Word means we need to do what it says.

            There is evil all around us in the world, but we can overcome evil by growing in the Lord. And we do that by reading His Word, listening to His Word, and doing what His Word says.

SERVE THE LORD

            Third, to overcome evil in the world we serve the Lord. Malachi tells the small righteous and faithful group of people in Israel, “So you will again distinguish between the righteous and the wicked, between one who serves God and one who does not serve Him.” (Malachi 3:18, NASB). As we look at the importance of serving the Lord we must note two things.

            First, we need actions because intentions and emotions are not enough. Just saying “I follow God and believe in God” is not enough. There needs to be actions that match those declarations. Most of us learned in school that “intention” to do homework was not accepted by our teachers. The teachers required “action” of completing the homework in order to get credit. For us believers, we can’t just intend to live a life different than the world around us, but we have to act different than the world around us.

            Second, we need actions so that God can distinguish us. In Malachi 3 we learn that God distinguishes between the people that are “arrogant” (Malachi 3:13, 15) from the ones that “fear the Lord” (Malachi 3:16) and “esteem his name” (Malachi 3:16). God makes this distinction because of their service of Him. The NLT puts it this way saying you will “see the difference.” In other words, it should not be a secret that you are a follower of God (not because of your words, but because of your deeds).

            Yet another way we overcome evil in the world is doing good things that show we are different than the evil people in the world. These good things—actions not just intentions—mark us out as separate from the evil world in which we live.

WE LOOK FOR THE LORD

            Fourth, to overcome evil in the world we look for the Lord. Malachi tells those faithful followers of God, “But for you who fear My name, the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings; and you will go forth and skip about like calves from the stall. . . Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD. He will restore the hearts of the fathers to their children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, so that I will not come and smite the land with a curse.” (Malachi 4:2, 5–6, NASB95)

            These verses remind us that earth is not our permanent place and that we have something better waiting for us which we look forward to experiencing. One of the best benefits of a vacation—in my opinion—is that it gives you something to look forward to enjoying in the future. The trials and struggles of today are easier when we know we will be free of those trials and struggles in the future. Knowing there is a vacation in the future helps you endure. That’s the same for us that endure suffering on earth now while waiting for heaven in the future.

            These verses at the end of Malachi tell us we have good things to look forward to. The text describes “the sun of righteousness will rise with healing in its wings.” The people Malachi was writing to might have felt like they were in a dark world where there was no hope. We too sometimes feel there is no end in sight to the world’s evil and wickedness. But when Christ comes and ushers in the Day of the Lord, it will be like the sun with its sunrays shooting out appearing as “wings” like on a dark cloudy day when the clouds break and you see some light shining through as a strong straight line.

            The text also describes “and you will go forth and skip about like calves from a stall” (v. 2). In other words, we will be free! They will be set free from the effects of the fall, from the role of Satan in our world, from the mistakes others make, and from the mistakes we make. God’s people will be spiritually renewed and restored. This will be as clear as bright sunshine in the sky and like calves freed from a stall.

            These verses at the end of Malachi also show us we have signs that will show us when he’s returning. “Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD. He will restore the hearts of the fathers to their children and the hearts of the children to their fathers, so that I will not come and smite the land with a curse.” (Malachi 4:5–6)

            There are two events described here. One is the coming of Elijah the prophet (v. 5). “Behold, I am going to send you Elijah the prophet” (v. 5). John the Baptist is identified as being Elijah because he came in spirit and power just like Elijah did. And his job was to get the people’s hearts ready. And in the same way, there will be a second future Elijah who will be like John the Baptist, to get the people’s hearts ready for the return of the Lord.  This matches what we see in the Transfiguration of Moses and Elijah with Jesus (Matt 17:9-13). Jesus told his disciples, “Elijah is coming and will restore all things.” What Jesus was telling the disciple here was that Elijah would come in the future to restore things and get things ready (just like John the Baptist had gotten the people ready for Jesus).

            Second, “before the coming of the great and terrible day of the LORD” (v. 5). That will be when Christ punishes the world at the end of the millennial kingdom for it’s defiance and rejection of him.

            There is evil in the world. Even humanists and secularists admit that and wrestle with answers to that evil. But we as Christians are told how to overcome evil by fearing the Lord, growing in the Lord, serving the Lord, and looking for the Lord.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

13. What Do Evil People Have Prepared for Them in the Future? (Mal 4:1)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Most of us know ungodly people that mock God, cause harm to others, and refuse to repent of their sins. The small faithful group of believers in Israel had those same people in their time and were wondering what God had prepared for those people in the future. Malachi records what God says about these ungodly people, “’For behold, the day is coming, burning like a furnace; and all the arrogant and every evildoer will be chaff; and the day that is coming will set them ablaze,’ says the LORD of hosts, ‘so that it will leave them neither root nor branch.’” (Malachi 4:1, NASB)[1]

            God has future plans for the arrogant people in Malachi’s time and God wants to make sure we don’t miss this by saying, “For behold.” This Hebrew particle הִנֵּה (hin-neh) can be translated as, “Look!” or “Take note!” or “don’t miss this.”

            God tells Israel here that evil people will endure a fire on earth.The text says that at some point in the future the day of judgement is coming “burning like a furnace; and all the arrogant and every evil doer will be chaff; and the day that is coming will set them ablaze.” There are three descriptions here. First, the day is going to be “burning like a furnace.” Fire of a furnace describes extreme intensity that is controlled and contained. God has a purpose for this fire and it is judgement. Second, who will be burnt up is described, “all the arrogant and every evil doer will be like chaff.” These are the self-righteous people that say they don’t need God. They have also claimed in Malachi 3:13-15 that to serve God was pointless and worthless because nothing returns back to them for their deeds. Third, this will be a future event. “and the day that is coming will set them ablaze.” These evil people will be set on fire and will be consumed by the fire sometime in the future.

            God alsotells us now that these evil people will endure a fire in hell forever. The Bible teaches that hell is terrible and painful. There will be physical torment with burning fire (Jude 7; Mark 9:43; Revelation 21:8), a fiery furnace (Matthew 13:41-42), a place of flames (Luke 16:24), and a place of death and destruction (Matthew 7:13; Luke 6:49; Romans 9:22; Philippians 3:19; Revelation 2:11; 20:6, 14, 21:8). The Bible also teaches that hell is permanent and eternal. The people sent there will experience “everlasting” (Daniel 12:2) “eternal fire” (Matthew 18:6-9; 25:4; Jude 7), smoke that rises “forever and ever” (Revelation 20:10, 14-15), “eternal” destruction (2 Thessalonians 1:9), they will “forever” be separated from God (2 Thessalonians 1:9), and people will be doomed “forever” (Jude 13).

            We should feel comforted that we are going to heaven.We don’t have to worry about our performance because Jesus already did the work for us. The price of admission has been paid. We have our ticket that says “Paid in Full.” Among all the crazy things going on in the world, among heartbreaks we endure and the pain we have to drudge through, we should enjoy security in our hearts that we won’t be judged like unbelievers. Instead we will be in heaven with our Lord forever with our loved ones that are already there waiting for us.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

12. Why Do Evil People Prosper (Mal 3:13-15)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

A common question I receive from people—and I’m sure people ask you too—is, “Why do evil people prosper in the world?” Other forms of this question are asked as “Why do good things happen to bad people?” Or “Why do bad things happen to good people?” Scripture reveals four reasons evil people prosper in the world.

            The first reason evil people prosper in this world is because of the Fall. When Adam and Eve ate fruit from the tree God told them not to (in Genesis 3:1-6), they invited evil to enter into the world. As a result sin entered the world and a sin nature is part of every person (Psalm 51:3-5; Romans 5:12).

            A second reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the role of Satan in our world. Satan’s position is “god” of this world. Paul tells us, “Even if our gospel is veiled, it is veiled to those who are perishing, in whose case the god of this world has blinded the minds of the unbelieving” (2 Corinthians 4:3–4a, emphasis added).[1] John tells us, “We know that we are of God, and that the whole world lies in the power of the evil one” (1 John 5:19, emphasis added). In other parts of Scripture we learn that Satan’s activities in this world are to tempt and seduce (Genesis 3:1-6; Matthew 4:1-11), to deceive, falsify, and counterfeit (2 Corinthians 4:3-4; Revelation 20:3, 7-8), to destroy (1 Peter 5:8-9; Luke 8:12; Revelation 12:13-17), to war against believers and the church by sending false workers (Matthew 13:36-39), to thwart God’s work (1 Thessalonians 2:18), to send pain and physical ailments upon believer’s lives (John 2:4-7; 2 Corinthians 12:7-10), to through defame and slander (Revelation 20:10), as well as to persecute and oppress believers (Revelation 2:10, 13).

            A third reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the mistakes others make. This is the context of Israel in the book of Malachi. In Malachi 3:16-18 and Malachi 4:2-6 we learn about a righteous group of believers that have been faithful to God, but most of the nation had abandoned God. Most of the nation were bringing blemished and poor sacrifices to God that didn’t meet the criteria required in the Law for offerings (Malachi 1:6-14). The priests were not following their call to lead the nation of Judah in a way that brought the people close to God (Malachi 2:1-9). The men were divorcing their Jewish wives and marrying ungodly pagan wives from neighboring nations (Malachi 2:10-16). The people were not giving their tithes and offerings to God as they were supposed to do (Malachi 3:7-12). The Israelites were experiencing problems because of their many sins, but the remnant of faithful believers in Israel were experiencing problems that they did not cause. This small group of people faithfully followed God but suffered because of the ungodly actions of others. That is true in our day sometimes too. Bankruptcy, health problems, broken marriages, loss of jobs and income sometimes fall on us because of the ungodly behavior of other people related to us.

            A fourth reason that evil people prosper in the world is because of the mistakes that we make. Sometimes bad things happen because we have played a part in it. God talks to Israel and says, “Your words have been arrogant against Me”(Malachi 3:13). These were shameless words of harsh criticism against God. The Message puts it this way, “You have spoken hard, rude words against me.” And this is what the people said, “It is vain to serve God; and what profit is it that we have kept His charge, and that we have walked in mourning before the LORD of hosts? So now we call the arrogant blessed; not only are the doers of wickedness built up but they also test God and escape.” (Malachi 3:14-15). These people were saying God was either too weak to stop evil or He was not interested in punishing the wicked. They were accusing God of being apathetic and disinterested in them. Like the Israelites, sometimes there are things that we have done to bring about the problems we have.

            Why evil people prosper in the world is a common question. The answers are not easy to hear, but the answers are true to Scripture. I pray God’s Word will comfort you and minister to you as you wrestle with God’s Word and His answers to your questions.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

11. The Blessing of a Tithe (Mal 3:10-12)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Good things occur when we give gifts to others. Often the person we give to will share a verbal “thank you” or a personal thank you note sent by email. Sometimes the person will give us a gift in return as a thank you. In Malachi 3 God is urging the nation of Israel to give to Him like they were supposed to give.

            If Israel was to give a gift to God He says He will“’open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows. Then I will rebuke the devourer for you, so that it will not destroy the fruits of the ground; nor will your vine in the field cast its grapes,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘All the nations will call you blessed, for you shall be a delightful land,’ says the LORD of hosts” (Malachi 3:10b–12).[1]

            Israel was struggling because their crops were not growing. They were withholding their tithes and offerings from God, and God was withholding the rain that sustained and grew their crops. But if they tithe to God it says so much rain will come that it will “overflow.” That overflow of rain will lead to abundant fruits of the ground (v. 11a), flourishing grapes (v. 11b), and a blessing from other lands (v. 12). When we give to God, God blesses us.

            God not only blesses us when we give to Him, but God also gives us peace. While you might be kind to others, pray, read your Bible, and attend church, if you are not giving to God my guess is that you have spiritual uneasiness. I know this from all the people that have told me as their pastor, “I just can’t tithe” or “I know I need to tithe to God but it hasn’t happened yet” or “I know that I’m committed to start tithing this year.”As a pastor I never bring it up but they do because they feel guilty.

            Giving to God blesses us, gives us peace, and also gives us protection.Something was eating and devouring Israel’s crops. God says if they give, “I will rebuke the devourer for you” (Malachi 3:11a). The word “rebuke” here means to “stop” or to “prevent.” The word “devourer” here is the Hebrew participle, בָּֽאֹכֵ֔ל which means “the eater.” This was a term for any kind of threat to crops and livelihood. The NIV calls them “pests” and NLT calls it “insects and disease.” If Israel gives to God, then God promises to protect the Israelite’s crops growing.

            Giving to God blesses us, gives us peace, gives us protection, and gives us recognition. “All the nations will call you blessed for you shall be a delightful land” (Malachi 3:12a).This was God’s original plan for Israel in Exodus 19:3-6. God wanted to bless His people and as a result of blessing His people, all the neighboring nations around Israel could look at Israel and say, “God is doing something there. God is blessing them and protecting them. There’s no way that they could accomplish all of that on their own.” And this too, should be our goal as Christians living today in our world. People should see us and think, “She’s got something I don’t have, and it’s not related to the number of digits in her bank account, the size of her house, or the logo on her car. It relates to the inner peace and tranquility she has in spite of the circumstance she’s in or the state of the economy that we live in.”

            Tithing is a blessing. God was hoping that Israel would learn about that blessing here in Malachi 3:10b-12, and I hope that we can learn about and experience that blessing too.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

10. The Size of the Tithe (Mal 3:10)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We often think of the word “tithe” as 10 percent and that’s what the word means. The Hebrew word, מַעַשֵׂר (ma’aser) usually describes one tenth of a person’s goods dedicated to God. But what if I told you that God’s description of the tithe was much more than just 10 percent? What if I told you God called the people of Israel to give to Him as much as 40 percent of their goods or income each year?

            In his commentary on the book of Malachi Allen Ross makes a strong case that a faithful Israelite who followed the Law would give 40 percent of his family income to God each year. Ross says that when you add up the giving expected for the priests, for the temple, for the annual pilgrimages, for the third and fifth year tithes to the poor, for the three festivals (Pentecost, Purim, and Passover), for the sin and trespass offerings, for the Sabbath year of rest for crops, and when you add up the cost of leaving the corners of crops unharvested so the poor could glean, that total “would exceed 40% a year.”[1]

            When God was addressing the Israelites in the book of Malachi one of His issues with Israel was that they were not giving like they should have been giving. God says in Malachi 3:10, “’Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse, so that there may be food in My house, and test Me now in this,’ says the LORD of hosts, ‘if I will not open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows.’”[2]

            As I’ve shown you earlier, the “whole” gift for Israel was a significant percentage of their income. Here God says, “bring the whole tithe into the storehouse.” The whole tithe was likely about 40 percent.

            So that describes what Israel was supposed to do in the Old Testament and in Malachi’s time (400 BC), but what about for us now? How much do we give now? When we read the New Testament we might expect the apostles Paul, John, James, and Peter to affirm what the Old Testament taught about giving a tithe, but they don’t. And they don’t because Christ fulfilled the Law. Because we live in the age of grace—not under the rule of Law—giving for us is very different than for the Israelites in Malachi’s book. As Gentiles (that’s you and me because we are not Jewish) we give a portion of our income to God and that amount is different for each person.

            As New Testament believers living in the time of grace, we are supposed to give generously and joyously. Paul told the believers in Corinth, “On the first day of every week each one of you is to put aside and save, as he may prosper, so that no collection be made when I come” (1 Corinthians 16:2). So what we do is pray about what God wants us to give and allow Him to lead. If we are in a place where we are giving a very small amount, perhaps we should pray and ask God if He is leading us to give more. If our giving is sporadic, perhaps we should pray and ask if God is leading us to give more consistently.

            I believe we should give to God proportionately and consistently. The late theologian Charles Ryrie once said, “Every believer owes 100 percent of what he is and what he has to God. The question, then, is not only how much I give, but also how much I spend on myself.”[3] Remember that the New Testament teaches the percentage is not as important as the principle that we give proportionately and consistently.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 160-161.

[2] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[3] Charles Ryrie, Balancing the Christian Life (Chicago, IL: Moody Publishers, 1969), 89.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

9. Godly Gift Giving (Mal 3:6-12)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Kids are excited to receive gifts, but mature adults are excited to give gifts. But sometimes people don’t like the gifts we give them. Sometimes the gift is cheap. Sometimes it’s not something they would enjoy using. Sometimes it’s inappropriate for that person’s past history (alcohol for a former alcoholic, chocolate for someone on a diet, etc.).

            Israel had been giving gifts to God, but God was not pleased with the gifts that He was receiving. Instead of giving a portion of what Israel was earning back to the Lord as a tithe, they were keeping it for their personal needs.

            The truth is that we are all tempted to keep for ourselves what we know belongs to God. We all are tempted to use money we know we should give to God for our own personal bills. We have house payments, medical bills, car insurance, and groceries we need to buy. Additionally, we know we should give to God and we want to give to God, but we have desires for things that prevent us from giving to God. Maybe we want some new piece of technology, a nicer car, bigger house, or lavish vacation. And because we spend our money on those things we are not able to give to God like we want to or like we know that we should.

            Giving to God follows similar principles to how we go about giving gifts to a friend or member of our family. First, in order to give a gift that is pleasing to another person we must know that person. What does she like or dislike? What does she enjoy or hate? We know that God is gracious, loving, and patient. “For I, the LORD, do not change” (Malachi 3:6).[1] God tells Israel that He does not change or deviate from His promises. God is also willing to accept us when we return to Him, “Return to me and I will return to you”(Malachi 3:7b). The Israelites had left God, but if they return to God, He will return to them.

            In order to give a meaningful gift to a person we have to know the person, but we also have to actually give the gift.            God tells Israel, “Bring the whole tithe into the storehouse” (Malachi 3:10a). As God says this I can almost hear the objections of Israel as they are told they need to bring their offerings: “But we don’t have enough money to give?” “I just put a layer of mud and straw on my roof and I can’t afford to give.” “I just bought a new donkey to help me plow my fields.” “We don’t have enough to feed ourselves, how are we supposed to give to God?” These were valid complaints because Israel had spent 70 years in captivity in Babylon and when they returned back to Judah they were trying to rebuild their way of life. They didn’t have much and were trying to grow their crops, to rebuild homes, and to establish life again in their land. But God’s command to Israel was clear: give.

            After we’ve considered what would be a good gift for a person and after we’ve given the gift, we need to accept the good things we receive as a result of giving a gift. This usually is a verbal “thank you” or a personal thank you note sent by mail. Occasionally a person will give us a gift in return as a thank you. If Israel was to give a gift to God He says He will“’open for you the windows of heaven and pour out for you a blessing until it overflows. Then I will rebuke the devourer for you, so that it will not destroy the fruits of the ground; nor will your vine in the field cast its grapes,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘All the nations will call you blessed, for you shall be a delightful land’” (Malachi 3:10b–12). This likely describes rain. The famine and the struggles that Israel was having were because their crops were not growing and they were struggling to survive. Israel was withholding their tithes from God and because of that He likely was withholding the rain that sustained and grew their crops. But if Israel tithes to God it says that so much rain is going to come that it will “overflow.” That overflow of rain would lead to abundant fruits of the ground (v. 11a), flourishing grapes (v. 11b), and a blessing from other lands (v. 12). 

            When we are kids we get excited to get gifts from others., but as we mature into adults we get excited to give gifts to others. And as we grow and mature in our faith we become less focused on God blessing us and more concerned with giving to God. As grown mature adults we know it’s better to give than to receive. And giving gifts to God means we need to know Him, give to Him, and accept the blessing we receive when we give to Him.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

8. God’s Messengers (Mal 3:1)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

God wants His people to follow Him. When addressing His people in Malachi He initiates a plan for them to know Him and follow Him rightly. God declares, “’Behold, I am going to send My messenger, and he will clear the way before Me. And the Lord, whom you seek, will suddenly come to His temple; and the messenger of the covenant, in whom you delight, behold, He is coming,’ says the LORD of Hosts” (Malachi 3:1).[1]

            God says He will send two messengers. The first will be a human messenger we now know would be John the Baptist (Matt 11:2-15). As the first messenger John the Baptist will “clear the way” for God’s Son, Jesus Christ.

            The second messenger will be a heavenly messenger. This is how God is coming. God says He “will suddenly come to His temple.” The word “suddenly” does not mean fast but means unexpected.

            In Jesus’s life on earth we saw two fulfillments of this verse which we call “the day of Christ.” The first fulfillment is when Jesus arrived at the temple and someone asked Jesus why He didn’t pay an annual tax that supported the temple (Matt 17:24-27). When Jesus approached the temple He said He was exempt from paying the temple tax because He was God and He owned the temple. But He still paid it as a way to keep the peace, but made it clear He didn’t have to pay it.

            The second fulfillment is when Jesus announced the new covenant in the Upper Room. In Matthew 26:28 Jesus told them He was making a new covenant with the people (Ezekiel 36; Jeremiah 31; Isaiah 54). These two events describe “the day of Christ” that we live in now and which is often called the time of grace or the era of the church.

            The third fulfillment is when Jesus approaches the earth at his second coming. The first and second coming are separated. This second coming of Christ in the end times is what is called “the day of the Lord.”

            But there is one more messenger described here in Malachi 3:1 in addition to John the Baptist and Jesus Christ: the third is us reading it and who have a responsibility to proclaim it.

            We tell this message about Jesus Christ as the Savior. It is our responsibility to tell people about Jesus’s love, how He gave his life as a sacrifice on behalf of others, in order to cleanse them from their sins and provide a way for them to live forever in heaven with God.

            We are also God’s messengers because of our day-to-day activities that we do and how we do them. Are we kind, respectful, and courteous to all people in all walks of life regardless of their economic status and skin color? Do we deal honestly with people and have integrity in our dealings with other people? Do we do what we say we will do and follow through on our commitments? These might sound like basic things, but non-Christians are watching Christians all the time. They are watching us to see if we really practice what we preach.

            Our works also involve the things we do to other people. Are we good friend to people that need our help? Are we considerate to our neighbors? Do we bring people food that are sick when they need help? Do we help people that are elderly to work on their house or mow their lawn?

            We are God’s messengers when we serve other people with love in these ways just as Jesus served us in love by dying on behalf of us.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

7. Marriage Dedication (Mal 2:13-16)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“I’m unhappy. I want a divorce.” Those are the words my friend heard from his wife after ten years of marriage. My friend asked if they could work it out. She reluctantly agreed and went to a few counseling sessions with him but still she replied, “I’m done. I’m unhappy. I want a divorce.”

            My friend is a good guy. He has a good job, he regularly spends time with his kids, and he was a good husband. Was he perfect? Of course not, but he was always faithful to his wife, committed to her, and committed to his family. I’ve known him almost twenty years now.

            But marriage is hard. It’s not easy. Anyone that tells you it is easy is either lying or has not been married for very long. God addresses two issues related to marriage in Malachi 2:11-16. The first was about spouse selection in which the men in Israel were marrying spouses from outside of their nation. The second issue was marriage dedication because the men of Israel were divorcing their wives.

            As God focuses on marriage, He tells the Israelites that He rejects the people’s offerings because they have rejected His commands. “He no longer regards the offering or accepts it with favor from your hand” (Malachi 2:13).[1]

            God then gets more specific about what commands the people have rejected. “the LORD has been a witness between you and the wife of your youth, against whom you have dealt treacherously, though she is your companion and your wife by covenant” (Malachi 2:14).

            God reveals there is no one who has done marriage right. “But not one has done so who has a remnant of the Spirit. And what did that one do while he was seeking a godly offspring? Take heed then to your spirit, and let no one deal treacherously against the wife of your youth” (Malachi 2:15).

            God reacts to the divorces that are occurring in Israel. “’For I hate divorce,’ says the LORD, the God of Israel, ‘and him who covers his garment with wrong,’ says the LORD of hosts. ‘So take heed to your spirit, that you do not deal treacherously’” (Malachi 2:16).

            Here God gives a reason for this rebuke. God does not want anyone to get divorced. God makes it clear, “I hate divorce.” One of the reasons God hates divorce is because a divorced man “covers his garment with wrong” (v. 16). This is figurative and it symbolizes marriage as in Ruth 3:9 and Ezekiel 16:8. A man covering himself with violence or wrong describes violating the marriage relationship. The garment was supposed to be a symbol of protection, but when a man divorces his wife it is actually “wrong” or “violence” that is done to the divorced wife. The NIV translates this phrase as the man “does violence to the one he should protect.” When a man divorced his wife it removed her protection and treated her cruelly.

            But God gives direction for this people. “So take heed to your spirit, that you do not deal treacherously” (v. 16c). The people were supposed to avoid divorce at all costs. God hates divorce, and we should hate it too.

            God’s desire for marriage is for a man that loves God to marry a woman that loves God and that they stay married until death temporarily separates them from each other. Sadly, that doesn’t occur as much as it should in our culture.

            This passage makes a strong statement about God’s attitude toward divorce: He doesn’t want it to happen. There are passages in the Bible that concede divorce and strictly regulate it. Deuteronomy 24:1-4 allows divorce in special circumstances and that teaching was affirmed by Jesus in Matthew 5:31-32; 19:3-9, Mark 10:2-12, and Luke 16:18. Paul further elaborated on the concessions for biblical divorce in 1 Corinthians 7:10-16. When reading those passages it’s important to note that God conceded divorce and regulated divorce because of the hardness of man’s heart and because of our fallen sinful nature, not because God thought divorce was a solution. The Bible permits divorce in these situations, but never mandates it. Divorce is allowed if a spouse commits adultery or if an unbeliever abandons his spouse.

            The focus of this passage in Malachi 2:11-16 is that we need to carefully select a spouse that loves God and we need to remain committed to the spouse we have married. Here are two practical tips to do that.

            Live out your faith together. Read Scripture, pray, be in a small group together, read a marriage book together, or attend a marriage conference together. Most of us work in jobs that require us to spend time each year doing continuing education, learning new things, and staying sharp on our skills. But when it comes to our marriage sometimes we just go with the flow. Instead, we should be intentional to grow in our marriage just as we are intentional to grow in our career. For a marriage to remain strong we have to live out our faith together and grow together.

            Lean on help when you need it. This might be help from a parent, a pastor, or a professional counselor. Don’t be scared to ask for help. Asking for help is not a sign of weakness, it’s a sign that you recognize you want things to get better. Tough times come and when they come we often need help. There also are organizations like FamilyLife or Focus on the Family that have professional counselors you can talk to over the phone. The best help might come from the people in your church that have already been through what you’re experiencing and that can talk with you, listen, let you know you’re not alone, and pray with you through it. 

            (If your marriage is healthy right now, you need to look for others that are struggling and need help because you might be the person they need to lean on during these difficult times.)

            I hope you have seen from this look at Malachi 2 that God’s desire is for us all to be married to one spouse. That was God’s plan from the beginning and is His desire for us now. But we live in a fallen world where sin has corrupted marriage. A poor work-life balance, abuse of alcohol, drugs, gambling, emotional abuse, verbal abuse, physical abuse, neglect, and many other sinful habits inhibit healthy marriages and sometimes leads to divorce. Sometimes this means we endure a divorce that we don’t want, just like my friend. But God hates divorce and He wants us to select a godly spouse and commit to marriage.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

6. Spouse Selection (Mal 2:6-10)

January 28, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Marriage is hard. Anyone that tells you it is easy is either lying or has not been married for very long. We know that marriage is hard because we all have been effected by divorces in our lives. The topic of marriage comes up in the book of Malachi because God is concerned about the people the Israelites were marrying. The men in Israel were selecting spouses from people outside of their nation. In God’s message to Israel—delivered by Malachi—God describes the principle for selecting a spouse. “Do we not all have one father? Has not one God created us? Why do we deal treacherously each against his brother so as to profane the covenant of our fathers?” (Malachi 2:10).[1] One God created us in Genesis and when He created us in Genesis He gave Adam and Eve to each other. One man, one woman, brought together by one God. And not just in marriage, but God also formed Israel into one nation at Mt. Sinai, which is likely what this is referring to here as well. When it says, “why do we deal treacherously” we need to define “treacherously” because it’s not used often. It means “guilty of or involving betrayal or deception” (Concise Oxford Dictionary) or “likely to betray trust” or “proving insecure footing or support” (Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary). These people were betraying God in their actions.

            God describes the problem in how Israel has been selecting a spouse. Judah has violated God’s covenant by violating the marriage covenant. “Judah has dealt treacherously, and an abomination has been committed in Israel and in Jerusalem; for Judah has profaned the sanctuary of the LORD which He loves and has married the daughter of a foreign god.” (Malachi 2:11). God places the blame squarely: “Judah . . . Israel . . . Jerusalem . . . Judah.” This is the nation that God has called to be His own special people (Israel), along with the country they live in (Judah), as well as the city that was supposed to be their capital (Jerusalem). As a parallel we could say this, “You Americans, living in Washington state, in which Olympia is your capital city.” After a general description of “treachery” in verse 10 and pointing to who was doing the treachery, God now moves on to identify the exact problem. “Judah has profaned the sanctuary of the Lord which he loves, and has married the daughter of a foreign god.”This was a problem for two reasons. It was a problem because God had told the nation of Israel that they were His chosen nation and that through the nation of Abraham (through Israel) eventually one day a Messiah would be born out of that nation to bless Israel and bless the nations (Genesis 12:1-3; 15:1-6). That meant the nation needed to stay together, to stay holy, to stay pure, to stay undefiled. It was a problem also because if an Israelite married someone from outside of Israel that worshipped a different God (Chemosh, Baal, etc.), then that spouse could turn the Israelite’s heart away from God. Marrying a person from a different race was not the problem. It was not even illegal. For example, Boaz married Ruth (a Moabitess), but she was a believer in God. The problem was if the spouse was loyal to her own gods (like Jezebel or King Solomon’s wives) and the Law prevented this. It was the religion of that person that was the problem, not ethnicity.

            God describes the punishment that will occur to everyone that has wronged Him and His covenant. “As for the man who does this, may the LORD cut off from the tents of Jacob everyone who awakes and answers, or who presents an offering to the LORD of hosts.” (Malachi 2:12). This grave sin of selecting and marrying a spouse that did not love and follow God brought a clear rebuke from God on the men who do this. Even the one “who presents an offering to the Lord of hosts” would get punished. Just because he showed up at the temple and tried to offer sacrifices didn’t cover the sin he had at home. When it says, “everyone who awakes and answers” that’s a way to describe all the living people at that time.

            Having a God-honoring marriage starts with looking for a godly spouse. If you are a parent, uncle, aunt, cousin, unofficially adopted mom or dad or grandpa or grandma, start instilling these principles into others lives.

            First, look for a person that loves God. Evaluate that so called “love” of God with the following criteria: Does he have a church community he is part of? Does she have a Bible which has been opened recently? Does she listen to podcasts of sermons? Does he want to wait to have sex until married? Does she pray regularly? Is he in a men’s small group study? The answers to those questions will tell you if this person truly loves God.

            Second, listen to godly advice from your godly family and godly friends. This could be mom, dad, grandma, grandpa, good friends, people that aren’t scared to tell you that you are making a bad decision. Listen to these people. They often are objective and can give you insight. Yes, you might be happy right now and “in love” but what potential dangers await in the future that you don’t see right now? Godly family and godly friends can tell you this.

            If you’re not yet married and you’re reading this, I pray that God will help you as you seek to select a Godly spouse. If you are married, let’s work together to disciple the people we know that are looking for a spouse and let’s help them find a spouse that loves God and is committed to God.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

5. Temple Priests in Today’s Church (Mal 2:5-7)

January 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Levi was one of the twelve sons of Jacob and his name became one of the tribes of Israel. When God gave Israel the Law God appointed Aaron as the priest and He said that the tribe that Aaron came from would be the tribe that always served as priests. That tribe was the tribe of Levi. In Malachi 2:5-7 God describes the good things the priests had done in the past when they were faithfully following God.

            “My covenant with him [Aaron] was one of life and peace, and I gave them to him as an object of reverence; so he revered Me and stood in awe of My name. True instruction was in his mouth and unrighteousness was not found on his lips; he walked with Me in peace and uprightness, and he turned many back from iniquity. For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth; for he is the messenger of the Lord of hosts.” (Malachi 2:5–7, NASB)

              Here God gives us a proper picture of who the priests were and what they were supposed to be doing.

            Let’s pay attention to a few of the expectations of the priests. First, the priests were called to holy living. They were supposed to walk with God. God describes Aaron when He says, “he walked with me in peace and uprightness” (v. 6b). They taught the truth and they walked the truth personally. “To walk” is an idiom. As Bible commentator Allen Ross describes, “To walk with God is to go where he is going, to stay close to him, and to commune with him along the way.”[1] To walk with God means to live one’s life in accordance with the will of God.

            Second, the priests behavior affected others as seen in verse six, “and he turned many back from iniquity.” The word for “turned” here is the Hebrew שׁוב which is often used for “repent” as in turning back to the Lord. It appears in Hebrew in what is called the “imperfect stem” of a “Hiphil” which is causative. In other words, the priests are the ones who are supposed to cause others to turn back from iniquity.[2] Their walk with God causes others to turn away from their sin, repent, and turn toward God. They were supposed to confront people with the truth and bring them back into a relationship with God.

            In addition to those expectations, the priests were also supposed to perform specific tasks. They were supposed to worship God. “he [Aaron] revered Me and stood in awe of My name” (v. 5b). The word for “revered” here can mean “respect.” God chose the tribe of Levi to be priests but there was no specific reason God chose them. It was His decision. Life as priests was given to them as a gift and they needed to respect God for that.

            They also were supposed to disciple others. “True instruction was in his mouth and unrighteousness was not found on his lips” (v. 6a). This is what the priests were teaching. Notice the adjective, “true,” that describes “instruction.” These priests were teaching truth—God’s Word—and their teaching was faithful to God’s revelation. That teaching would guide people through life as the word “instruction” describes a point in the right direction. These priests took their calling seriously. They studied the Law and found ways to regularly teach the Word to the people.

            This type of conduct should have positioned the priests as honorable members of their community. “For the lips of a priest should preserve knowledge, and men should seek instruction from his mouth” (v. 7a). This was the expected standard for the priests. They did this by studying, memorizing, and teaching God’s Word. Priests were to be righteous men that were models for others. People should see the way they lived and think, I have something to learn from them.

            Priests were also supposed to evangelize others.“for he is the messenger of the LORD of hosts” (v. 7b). The priests were God’s mouthpiece. They were supposed to be speaking for God by speaking God’s Word to the people. They were supposed to declare God’s truth so people who didn’t know about God could begin a relationship with Him.

            That’s the proper picture of the priests in Malachi. But how does this job description for priests apply to us living right now?

            I hope you can see that you and I are priests, so to speak, alive today. The apostle Peter writes to Christian believers telling them, “you are a chosen race, a royal priesthood, a holy nation, a people for god’s own possession, so that you may proclaim the excellencies of Him who has called you out of darkness into His marvelous light; for you once were not a people, but now you are the people of God; you had not received mercy, but now you have received mercy” (1 Peter 2:9–10, NASB). As priests we are supposed to pursue holy living by walking with God, worshipping God, discipling others, and evangelizing others just like the priests were supposed to do in Malachi’s day.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 88.

[2] Ibid., 80.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

4. The Way We Are Right with God (Mal 1:6-11)

January 27, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We all love a good courtroom scene. Movies like The Rainmaker or Runaway Jury, and books like To Kill a Mockingbird, are popular because we enjoy the drama of a good courtroom scene where there’s the defendant, a jury, a judge, the prosecuting attorney, and of course the audience that sits in the back.

            Let’s pretend you and I are in the audience of a court case as we read a passage from the book of Malachi. Israel has left their Godly ways. They aren’t following God like they should have. God’s going to try their case in front of us.

            The accusation is stated in Malachi 1:6 when God points out the problem, “‘A son honors his father, and a servant his master. Then if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is My respect?’ says the Lord of hosts to you, O priests who despise My name. But you say, ‘How have we despised Your name?’”.

            Next God presents the evidence in Malachi 1:7-13 about how the priests and the people are not honoring God the way they should.

            When God points out His evidence against Israel He lists the actions they were doing that were violating His name and holiness (Malachi 3:7-8). They were “presenting defiled food upon [God’s] altar” (v. 7a), they were presenting “the blind for sacrifice” (v. 8a), and were giving “the lame and the sick” (v. 8b)

            God also lists the attitudes the Israelites held about what they were doing and how those attitudes violated God’s name and holiness (Malachi 3:12-13). They profaned God’s name when they said, “the table of the Lord is defiled, and it’s food is to be despised” (v. 12b). They showed their laziness for the sacrifices saying, “My, how tiresome it is!” (v. 13a). And we learn about their apathy for the sacrifices when God says, “You disdainfully sniff at it” (v. 13b). When we read this we need to ask ourselves if God might have any evidence against us.

            We need to ask ourselves if there are actions we’re doing that violate God’s name and His holiness. Are we spending more time scrolling on Facebook than we do reading God’s Word? Do we talk badly about other people, gossip about them, and put them down? Are we watching things that are harmful to us and to others such as r-rated movies, porn, or inappropriate reality shows that encourage sinful behavior rather than a sanctified life?

            We also need to ask ourselves if we have any attitudes that violate God’s name and holiness. Are we apathetic about attending a church service? Would we rather stay home on a Sunday than be with God’s people singing in worship to Him and spending time with other believers? Are we lethargic about reading God’s Word? When we see a person from church call us do we feel annoyed that they are calling to bug us and ask for prayer?

            While God lists the shortcomings of the Israelites, He also provides a way for Israel to be right with Him. God might be prosecutor, judge, and jury, but He is also loving and merciful. Here He gives them a way to get out of the trouble they are in. He provides a way for them to be “declared innocent” even though they are guilty.

            God wants dedication from his people, not perfection. “But now will you not entreat God’s favor, that He may be gracious to us? With such an offering on your part, will He receive any of you kindly?” (Malachi 1:9). Now in the middle of God’s evidence presentation, He gives them a chance to be set free from their charges. As the judge, prosecutor, and jury, He takes the defendant into the back court chambers into his private office. He sits Israel down and says, Look, if you just try to do what is right, all is okay. I know you haven’t been perfect in the past, and you aren’t going to be perfect in the future. But if you just start making that effort, everything will be okay. The sacrifice presupposes that they weren’t going to be perfect. That’s okay. God doesn’t expect them to be perfect, otherwise the sacrifice wouldn’t be needed. But that sacrifice does need to be perfect because a perfect sacrifice is evidence of our dedication to Him. God knows we aren’t going to be perfect, but He wants people that are dedicated to Him.

            God wants no offering at all if it’s not with the right motives. “’Oh that there were one among you who would shut the gates, that you might not uselessly kindle fire on My altar! I am not pleased with you,’ says the Lord of hosts, ‘nor will I accept an offering from you’” (Malachi 1:10). This verse reminds us that God does not need our offerings. He is complete and sufficient without us. And He does not need us to worship Him. But He wants us to worship Him as a sign that we are committed to Him. Those offerings were a sign that the people were indebted to God for life and every blessing. Giving Him offerings was a way for them to acknowledge His goodness and faithfulness. 

            God wants dedication from a people even if it is not Israel. God says, “For from the rising of the sun even to its setting, My name will be great among the nations, and in every place incense is going to be offered to My name, and a grain offering that is pure; for My name will be great among the nations” (Malachi 1:11). Notice the “for” here at the beginning of the verse. What follows describes what God is going to do because of Israel’s repeated disobedience and disregard for God. This verse predicts a future time when Gentiles will see the light of God and become worshippers of God (this occurs in the book of Acts). Because at this time—in the Old Testament—God’s focus is on the nation of Israel as His nation He’s chosen to display His glory. But after hundreds of years of the nation of Israel rebelling against Him, He will eventually turn to the nations for proper worship.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

3. Giving God the Best (Mal 1:6)

January 26, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

There was a problem in Israel. The people were not giving God the honor He deserved. This was evident in the poor quality of sacrifices that the people were bringing to the temple in Malachi’s time (400 B.C.). Because of this, God speaks through the prophet Malachi, “‘A son honors his father, and a servant his master. Then if I am a father, where is My honor? And if I am a master, where is My respect?’ says the Lord of hosts to you, O priests who despise My name. But you say, ‘How have we despised Your name?’” (Malachi 1:6)

            The problem starts with the priests. God addresses them here, “O priests who despise My name.” The message here is addressed to the priests directly, but because of their failures the nation of Israel was also guilty. And Israel invites God to present the case here when they respond, “How have we despised Your name?” So God says, You asked, let me tell you.

            The regular sacrifices the people brought God were supposed to praise Him for what He had done for them as well as cleanse their sins before Him. The sacrifices had different purposes. Some were for forgiveness and acceptance while others were for dedication and celebration. We don’t know exactly which sacrifices Malachi is describing here (Sabbath offering, New Moon, Passover, Day of Atonement, or Yom Kippur). But the occasion or specific example was not important. What was important was doing the sacrifices in the right way.

            The offering had to pass two important tests that only the people bringing them and God would know. It had to be the first of the flock and it had to be the best of the flock. To bring God a poor-quality offering revealed that you thought of God in a poor manner. In other words, “the quality of the gift indicates the value the giver places on the one receiving the gift.”[1] The sacrifices had to be perfect, also because those sacrifices pointed to the perfect Lamb of God who would in the future die for the sins of the world (1 John 1:9; Hebrews 10:1-14). If those sacrifices weren’t perfect how could they predict the perfect sacrifice: Jesus Christ the Son of God!

            It’s important to note that no one was ever saved in Israel because they brought sacrifices to God. The sacrifices were a way to maintain their relationship with God. Nowhere in the Old Testament does it say that someone followed the Law and he or she was saved. The Law and sacrifices were a means of sanctification, not salvation. Salvation came through faith in God (see Gen 15:6). Sanctification came through animals and offerings.

            While we who live under the new covenant and not under the Old Testament Law no longer bring sacrifices to the temple to atone for our sins, we are still expected to bring the best of what we have to God. We must give God our best. We should dedicate a portion of our time where we are the most awake, alert, and attentive to Him to read His word and to pray to Him. We need to make it a priority to give financially to church as one of the first things we do when we are paid. We need to make it a priority in our week to gather with God’s people—the church—in fellowship each week. We do these things because God deserves our best.


[1] Allen Ross, Malachi Then and Now (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2016), 51.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

2. Godly Praise (Mal 1:5)

January 26, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Malachi is the last book of the Old Testament with some enduring messages for us. While Israel was sad that they were not the prominent nation that they used to be, God tells the Israelites that He will punish the foreign nations in the future because of what they have done to Israel (See Malachi 1:3-4).

            Then God tells them, “Your eyes will see this and you will say, ‘The LORD be magnified beyond the border of Israel!’” (Malachi 1:5). Israel and their descendants will praise God when they see His goodness and love for them. Hopefully the people will no longer doubt God’s love for them.      

            We too should praise God in the future because of His love for us. Even though we might find ourselves in situations in which we don’t want to be, we need to remember God’s love for us and praise Him. Sometimes we don’t feel God’s love, but we still need to praise Him. Why? Because other people are watching.

            One Bible teacher I read recently wrote, “We need to remind ourselves that the trials we experience as individuals or congregations are also opportunities to glorify God before a watching world. That’s how Paul viewed his imprisonment and possible death in Rome (Phil 1:12-26), and that’s the way we must look at the testing God sends our way. Every difficulty is an opportunity to demonstrate to others what the Lord can do for those who put their trust in Him.”[1]

            The Israelites knew about the love of God, but they didn’t feel it at that time. So Malachi starts off this prophecy with God’s love for them. Even though the Israelites had done a lot of things wrong, Malachi starts his book reminding Israel of God’s love.

            And we too, at times might struggle to feel God’s love for us. Sure, we know He loves us because He chose us before we were born (Ephesians 1:4-5), He sent his Son to die for us (Galatians 2:20), He makes us sons and daughters of Him (Galatians 4:5), and His Holy Spirit lives inside of us (1 Corinthians 6:19).

            We need to remind ourselves of God’s love for us. We do this by knowing God’s Word, praying to Him, talking with Him, and keeping a list of ways we see Him working in our lives.

            We need to remind others of God’s love for them too. We do this by listening to them when they are going through tough times, bringing them groceries or medicine when they are ill, and calling them to check in on them on a regular basis.

            We know about God’s love, but we don’t always feel it. As we go about our week let’s remind ourselves of God’s love for us and remind others of God’s love for them too.


[1] Warren Wiersbe, Be Amazed (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1996), 177.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

1. The Love We Know (Mal 1:2)

January 26, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

“God loves you.” Have you ever heard someone say that to you? It’s a theme reiterated throughout Scripture. God declares His love for the people of Israel in Malachi 1:2, “’I have loved you,’ says the LORD. But you say, ‘How have You loved us?’ ‘Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?’ declares the LORD. ‘Yet I have loved Jacob;’” Here we see God declaring His love for His people as these people were hearing the prophecies or reading them. Pay careful attention to how God tells them that he loves them. “‘I have loved you,’ says the LORD.” God is talking specifically to Israel, not to all people around the world. But Israel doubts that love. “But you say, ‘How have You loved us?’”

            The book of Malachi is framed around a series of questions that the people ask. They ask 23 questions and “How have You loved us?” is the first question they ask God.

            They ask this because their history consisted of destruction, deportation, and humiliation. They question God’s goodness. The days of king David and king Solomon where Israel was prominent and influential in the region were gone. Now Israel was one nation of many on the long list of countries that Babylon and Persia had conquered, subdued, and reigned over.

            Israel asks if God still loves them because of what God has allowed to happen. They’ve been conquered and carried away to another nation. While David and Solomon were good kings,   Rehoboam—Solomon’s son—led the nation away from the Lord and His ways. God sent them prophets to warn them, but they didn’t return back to God. So in 586 BC God sent Babylon came and conquered them and took them into exile.

            But there was a glimmer of hope. King Cyrus of Persia in 539 BC overtook the Babylonians and allowed the nation of Israel to return to the land.[1] The people were passionate and excited to get to be back into the land. The people hollered: “God’s not done with us yet” and “He will still be faithful to us.” But when Malachi writes in 400 BC that passion had since past. No longer were they following the temple rules, being loyal to God with their offerings, or marrying Jewish women in order to keep their names and lives pure. They had wandered from God. The glory and honor they thought they would experience from being back in the land never occurred.

            As God speaks in Malachi 1:2, God reminds them of His love through their heritage and history. “’Was not Esau Jacob’s brother?’ declares the LORD.” This was a rhetorical question designed to reaffirm that Esau was Jacob’s brother, which was the foundation for the next statement. “Yet I have loved Jacob;” (Jacob represents the nation of Israel.)God is saying that He loves Israel because He chose Jacob.

            Jacob and Esau were the two twin sons of Isaac and Rebecca. Jacob was the kind-tendered hearted younger son. He was called “a peaceful man, living in tents” (Genesis 25:27). While Esau was the wild-outside hunter gatherer older son. He was called “a skillful hunter, a man of the field” (Genesis 25:27).

            Someone might read this and say, Of course God chose Jacob. Jacob was mostly good and obedient while Esau was wild and worldly. But Genesis 25:22-23 says that the two boys were struggling against each other in Rebecca’s womb. God told Rebekah that two nations were in her womb and that one would be stronger than the other. God then told Rebekah that the older child would serve the younger child. God chose Jacob over Esau before they were even born. In these verses we see God chose Jacob not because of what he had done (because he wasn’t born yet).

            The apostle Paul quotes this verse from Malachi 1:2 and further explains it in his letter to the Romans, “And not only this, but there was Rebekah also, when she had conceived twins by one man, our father Isaac; for though the twins were not yet born and had not done anything good or bad, so that God’s purpose according to His choice would stand, not because of works but because of Him who calls, it was said to her, ‘THE OLDER WILL SERVE THE YOUNGER.’ Just as it is written, ‘JACOB I LOVED, BUT ESAU I HATED’” (Romans 9:10–13).

            God chose Jacob and made a covenant with Israel so that they would be a holy nation. He chose them, loved them, and made a covenant with them. God’s love for Israel is seen in the fact that He chose them without reason.   

            Back to Malachi now. If we are honest we too, like the Israelites, question God’s goodness. When we have a marriage that falls apart, when a beloved family member passes away unexpectedly, when we lose our job, or when our health fades away. We all ask, God, if you love me, why did you allow this to happen to me?

            Let’s not miss this: Malachi 1:2 tells us that God loves us. We know God loves us because He chose us before we were born. Paul writes to the believers in Ephesus saying, “[God] chose us in Him before the foundation of the world, that we would be holy and blameless before Him. In love He predestined us to adoption as sons through Jesus Christ to himself, according to the kind intention of His will” (Ephesians 1:4-5). We are reminded of God’s love for us when we remember that we, like Jacob, were chosen before we were born.

            We know God loves us because He sent His son to die for us. Galatians 2:20b, “I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave Himself up for me.”

            We know God loves us because He makes us sons and daughters of Him. The Bible says that when we place our faith in Christ we become part of God’s household. And in that way, we become sons and daughters of God as in Galatians 4:5, “God sent him [Jesus] to buy freedom for us who were slaves to the law, so that he could adopt us as his very own children” (NLT).

            We know God loves us because He lives inside of us. 1 Corinthians 6:19, “Or do you not know that your body is a temple of the Holy Spirit who is in you, whom you have from God, and that you are not your own?”

            God’s love is passionate and constant. But most importantly, we need to know God loves us even if we don’t feel it. The message Malachi was delivering to Israel then and the message to us now is this: God loves us even when we don’t feel it.


[1] King Cyrus issues the decree in 538 BC decree and in 536 BC the people arrive and to attempt to rebuild their temple and city walls in Jerusalem.

Filed Under: Articles from Malachi

11. Love for the Liberated Life (Gal 6:15-17)

January 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Alexander Supertramp was the name he gave himself. His real name was Chris McCandless. He grew up in a high achieving family: his father worked for NASA and his mother worked for Hughes Aircraft. That high achieving family caused pressure on him to go to college, get good grades, and find a respectable upper-class job like his parents.

            But after graduating from Emory University in Georgia, Alexander Supertramp surprised everyone. He sold all his belongings, donated all the money in his savings account to a charity, hitchhiked across America, canoed down the Colorado River, then he hitchhiked to Fairbanks, Alaska. He was done with the pressure from the world: from his parents, from his professors to get good grades, and from his friends that all were getting good jobs out of college. He wanted freedom. And he found it, so he thought.

            Many of us can relate to that external pressure from the world that Alexander Supertramp felt. It comes from our parents that want to be proud of us so they push us to get an education and get a good job. It comes from school when every teacher insists that success in life requires that you do well in their specific class. It comes from our jobs where no matter how good our work is, there is always someone pointing out how we could have done better.

            As we come to the last words of Paul in Galatians he summarizes for us the freedom we experience because of our faith in Christ. “For neither is circumcision anything, nor uncircumcision, but a new creation. And those who will walk by this rule, peace and mercy be upon them, and upon the Israel of God. From now on let no one cause trouble for me, for I bear on my body the brand-marks of Jesus” (Galatians 6:15-17, NASB).

            When we are liberated by Christ we are a new creation. Galatians 6:15 is the apex of the final chapter of Galatians. We are a new creation by God’s transformative grace. “Therefore if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creature; the old things passed away; behold, new things have come” (2 Corinthians 5:17). The new creation has taken the place of the world.

            An encouraging part of church ministry is seeing people’s lives changed. A woman named Mona used to attend a Sunday School class that I taught for new believers. Throughout that class I was able to learn about how God liberated Mona from twenty years of drug addiction and dysfunctional relationships. Was it because of something she did? Not really. She would tell you that God was the source. God miraculously removed her addiction and provided her a way out of the abusive relationships she had. Now she has a full-time job, takes care of her mom, and lives a peaceful life. Stories like that are encouraging because you see how God changes people into a new creation.         

            When we are liberated by Christ we experience peace.We experience peace because we are free from the world’s pressures on us. No one is telling us what we have to do in order to gain others favor. We don’t have to put pressure on others to perform at work because of the pressure put on us. We don’t have to climb the ladder of success only to realize it’s leaning on the wrong wall. We have peace because we know where we are going and we know God’s Spirit walks with us along the way. The path might be difficult and painful, but we know the path ends with us spending eternity with God in heaven forever. And that gives us peace.

            But when we are liberated by Christ we will experience regular persecution. The word Paul uses for “brand-marks” (v. 17) is the Greek word, στίγμα, which comes from a verb that means “to prick, to sting, or to stick.”[1] In the first century slaves and some military soldiers had the name stamp of their owners placed on their bodies. Paul uses this Greek word to describe physical scars that Paul had on his body (cf. 2 Cor 6:4-6; 11:23ff). Paul saw his scars as proof that he was a true believer. This provides a reminder to believers today that we too experience persecution for our faith. The brand marks for us because of our faith might be coworkers that mock us and call us weak because of our faith, not getting a promotion because we refuse to cut corners on our job, or a family that ridicules us because of our faith.

            Alexander Supertramp was looking for freedom from the pressures of the world. He thought he found it. In Alaska he was living the life of freedom in the wilderness by himself (at least so he thought). But in that life he ate some bad seeds that prevented his digestive system from absorbing nutrients. And eventually he died from starvation. He was looking for that freedom, but never truly found it.[2]

            For us as believers, we experience freedom from the world, but that freedom doesn’t come because we sell everything, abandon our family, and go live in Alaska (even though that might be appealing at times). It comes from our liberator, Jesus Christ, who died on a cross for us and freed us from our sins that enslaved us. Now, we are liberated by the liberator and we enjoy peace.


[1] Robertson, A.T. Word Pictures in the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933).

[2] Jon Krakauer, Into The Wild (New York, NY: Anchor Books, 1997).

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

10. We That Are Spiritual (Gal 6:1-2, 10)

January 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We shouldn’t have to tell other people that we are Christians. They should know it by what they see in us. Now of course, we want to share our faith. Because if we only do good deeds and never tell others about our faith in Christ, we are simply a nice person. But before we ever tell others about our faith in Christ, they should already know that something is different. They should see something different in us compared to the rest of the world.

            Sadly, there are a lot of Christians that are known by their name, not their deeds. And that’s one of the reasons the church has struggled for years. We have done a poor job of discipling our church members, and because of that we don’t look much different than the world. We call ourselves “Christians” but the world doesn’t see much of a difference between how we act and the rest of the world’s behavior.

            In Paul’s letter to the believers in the region of Galatia he tells them three ways that they should look different than the world in which they live.

WE HELP THOSE THAT HAVE FALLEN INTO SIN

            We read in Galatians 6:1-2, “Brethren, even if anyone is caught in any trespass, you who are spiritual, restore such a one in a spirit of gentleness; each one looking to yourself, so that you too will not be tempted. Bear one another’s burdens, and thereby fulfill the law of Christ” (NASB).

            The word for “trespass” here literally means “falling aside” or “slip” or “lapse.”[1] It describes someone that unexpectedly enters into sin. If we are active in a church we will always see people start to slip away from the community of faith and into a lifestyle of sin. As a result, those “who are spiritual” are supposed to restore those people from sin. As spiritual people we approach sinners “in a spirit of gentleness.” We don’t come ready to argue or prove our point. Instead, we approach them with kindness and humility.

            When we approach those that have fallen into sin we are supposed to “restore” the person back into a relationship with God. This word is used in Greek literature to describe the setting of broken bones or mending of fish nets.[2] We are supposed to help those people correct their behavior.

            The process of helping others that have fallen into sin is an obligation of Christians (v. 2). The word, “one another” is placed first in the Greek text for emphasis and the word “bear” is placed in the Greek present tense which means we regularly do this. It should be a habit in our Christian lives. The burden that Paul tells us we need to bear is probably related to the process of restoring the sinner of verse one. And when we bear the burdens of others it means we carry their loads. We often have to enter into their struggles to help them. Even if we don’t personally experience those struggles, we still feel the emotions that come with them or deal with the consequences of those burdens.

            If we jump down to verse ten, we see that Paul reminds his readers to help others and he provides two priorities for us.

WE HELP ALL PEOPLE AS OUR SECOND PRIORITY

            “So then, while we have opportunity, let us do good to all people, and especially to those who are of the household of the faith” (Galatians 6:10a).

            Paul tells us “do good to all people.” This is a common command for the believer from Scripture. Warren Wiersbe writes about this verse, “It is not only by words that we witness to the lost, but also by our works. In fact, our works pave the way for our verbal witness; they win us the right to be heard.”[3] A few years of life under COVID restrictions has removed us from the habits of caring for others that we used to do such as giving hugs to people in tough times, taking people out for lunch to check on them, visiting people in the hospital, or even simple things like having people over to our homes for dinner. We need to get back into those habits as a way that we do good to all people.

WE HELP THE CHURCH AS OUR FIRST PRIORITY

            We are supposed to help all people, but “especially to those who are of the household of faith” (Galatians 6:10b).That’s us. This is the first priority. There should be a balance: we take care of each other within the church while also caring for and loving others outside our church family.

            If you attend church and don’t see someone at church, call them. As a pastor I try to call a couple people each week when I don’t see them at church. I hope you would consider doing the same thing. If you don’t see someone at church or your support group, pick up the phone and call them or write them a note and send it in the mail.

            I hope that we don’t have to tell people that we are Christians. Instead, if we do the three things Paul lists in Galatians 6:1-2 and Galatians 6:10 people should be able to identify us by our actions.


[1] AT Robertson, Word Pictures of the New Testament (Nashville, TN: Broadman Press, 1933).

[2] Ibid.

[3] Warren Wiersbe, Be Free (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 2009), 149.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

9. Freedom Through Service (Gal 5:13-15)

January 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Years ago Dawson Trotman, the founder of The Navigators discipleship ministry, hiked with a group of Taiwanese pastors back into some mountain villages to minister the Word of God to the groups of Christians there. The trails were wet so Dawson and the Taiwanese pastors returned home with there shoes cold, wet, and covered in mud. Much later someone asked one of those Taiwanese pastors what they remembered about the American Dawson Trotman. The Taiwanese pastor replied, “He cleaned by shoes.”

            When Dawson and that pastor returned that afternoon, all the men removed their muddy shoes at the doorway. The pastor went into the kitchen to prepare some tea and returned to the doorway to find Dawson Trotman sitting on the floor with a small stick, a piece of cloth, and some water cleaning the muddy shoes of the Taiwanese pastor.

            That spirit of servanthood was a constant mark of Dawson Trotman. He died as he lived: giving his life to rescue someone else from drowning.[1]

As believers we too are called to a life of service. Often we claim the freedom we have in Christ and neglect the love and service to others part. In Paul’s letter to the believers in the region of Galatia, he challenges the Galatian believers to a life of service and love because of the freedom they have in Christ.

For you were called to freedom, brethren; only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another. For the whole Law is fulfilled in one word, in the statement, “YOU SHALL LOVE YOUR NEIGHBOR AS YOURSELF.” But if you bite and devour one another, take care that you are not consumed by one another. (Galatians 5:13-15)

            According to Paul, our freedom leads to service in love. Notice he identifies who has freedom.“For you were called to freedom, brethren” (v. 13a). This freedom is where we all belong (see Galatians 1:6; 5:8). It is in the passive voice here which means we receive it, but God does it. God called us to salvation. And because of that we are supposed to live in freedom. Our address is 810 Freedom in Christ Ln.

            Notice also that Paul warns them about that freedom and defines the boundary of that freedom, “do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for the flesh” (13b). That liberty given through our faith in Christ should not turn into a license to sin and do whatever we want.

            Notice also he tells us what to do with our freedom. The focus for us is “through love serve one another” (v. 13b). When we are free and live a life of love and service, it keeps us from legalism and license. This is because when we love others and serve them through that love, we are freed from the focus on ourselves.

            I wonder what our Christian churches would look like if we, instead of proclaiming our freedom, practiced our love?


[1] Jerry Bridges, True Community (Colorado Springs, CO: NavPress, 2012), p. 137.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

8. God Keeps His Promises (Gal 4:24-31)

January 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

All of us, at one time or another, have been on the receiving end of a broken promise. From mom and dad not buying pizza for dinner like they said they would, or canceling a family vacation because of unforeseen circumstance, or a spouse that breaks his marriage promise by wanting a divorce, all of us have experienced broken promises.

            Abraham thought he was receiving a broken promise from God. When Abraham was 76 years-old God told him to leave his country and go to a new land and that while there God would make him into a great nation by giving him children (Genesis 12:1-3). But after a decade of new life in a new land Abraham and Sarah had no children. Abraham was 86 and Sarah was 76 and they thought they were too old to have children. But Sarah looked at her servant, Hagar, and got an idea. “I can give my servant girl to Abraham, and maybe through her my family can have an heir.” So that’s what Sarah suggested and Abraham agreed.

            Abraham spent an evening with Hagar and she became pregnant and gave Abraham a son. But about 14 years later God shows up. He appears to Abraham and tells Abraham He’s still going to give Abraham a son. When Sarah hears this she laughs. But, before you know it, at the age of 90, Sarah is pregnant and gives birth to a son and name’s him Isaac, which means “laughter.” God kept His word to Abraham and Sarah. He gave them a son of their own.

            That’s the backdrop for Galatians 4:22-31. In Galatians 4:22-23 Paul provides a brief summary of Abraham and Sarah and how they had their sons. 

“For it is written that Abraham had two sons, one by the bondwoman and one by the free woman. But the son by the bondwoman was born according to the flesh, and the son by the free woman through the promise” (Gal 4:22-23)

            Then Paul gives us an interpretation of the passage.

“This is allegorically speaking, for these women are two covenants: one proceeding from Mount Sinai bearing children who are to be slaves; she is Hagar. Now this Hagar is Mount Sinai in Arabia and corresponds to the present Jerusalem, for she is in slavery with her children. But the Jerusalem above is free; she is our mother. For it is written, ‘REJOICE, BARREN WOMAN WHO DOES NOT BEAR; BREAK FORTH AND SHOUT, YOU WHO ARE NOT IN LABOR; FOR MORE NUMEROUS ARE THE CHILDREN OF THE DESOLATE THAN OF THE ONE WHO HAS A HUSBAND.’ And you brethren, like Isaac, are children of promise. But as at that time he who was born according to the flesh persecuted him who was born according to the Spirit, so it is now also. But what does the Scripture say?      ‘CAST OUT THE BONDWOMAN AND HER SON, FOR THE SON OF THE BONDWOMAN SHALL NOT BE AN HEIR WITH THE SON OF THE FREE WOMAN.’

So then, brethren, we are not children of a bondwoman, but of the free woman.” (Galatians 4:24-31)

            Isaac was born supernaturally because of God’s promise. Sarah was 90 years old when she had a child. And this was important for the Galatians because they were supernaturally born too. They were Gentiles. They had no claim to be children of Abraham in the natural sense. But in the spiritual sense, they were able to receive that promise because of their faith in Christ.

            At one time we were lost and fallen away. Ephesians 2:1, “you were dead in your trespasses and sins.” Ephesians 2:5, “we were dead in our transgressions.” We didn’t know God, but through His promise and our faith we were brought into a relationship with Him.

            Each believer also experiences a supernatural birth as Paul wrote in Galatians 4:29, “born according to the Spirit.” John 3:3, “Jesus answered and said to [Nicodemus], ‘Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born again he cannot see the kingdom of God.’” And in John 3:5, “’Truly, truly, I say to you, unless one is born of water and the Spirit he cannot enter into the kingdom of God.”

            When we experience this new birth we are the recipients of the promise of salvation (Galatians 3:9, 22, 29). As Paul tells us here in Galatians we have become “children of the promise” (4:28) and “children . . . of the free woman”(4:31). God kept his promises to Abraham and Sarah. And through Jesus Christ, God keeps His promise to us that we can become part of His spiritual family.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

7. Refusing to Drift (Gal 4:16-20)

January 21, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

In 1636 17,000 puritans migrated to New England. While there were some pastors, many people realized a college was needed to train the next generation of pastors. A college was started in 1636 and several years later a pastor donated half of his estate and 400 of his books to help the college as it was beginning. The college was then named after that pastor and continued training ministers. Its early motto was Veritas Christo et Ecclesiae, Latin which meant “Truth for Christ and the Church.” In those early years half of the graduates became ministers. Ten of the first twelve presidents of the university were ministers. The college trained pastors, was ran by pastors, and placed pastors into local churches to preach the gospel.

            But in 1701 one of those pastor presidents ended his service, and it marked the start of a long struggle between orthodox Christianity and liberalism. Throughout the 1700s ideas from the enlightenment, the power of reason, free will, and other liberal theologies began to clash with the traditional Calvinistic groups.

            One of their presidents, in 1869, “eliminated the favored position of Christianity from the curriculum while opening it to student self-direction. . . he was motivated not by a desire to secularize education, but by transcendentalist Unitarian convictions. . . these convictions were focused on the dignity and worth of human nature, the right and ability of each person to perceive truth and the indwelling of God in each person” (Wikipedia).

            That college which I’ve described for you is Harvard University. A college once created to train pastors for ministry now no longer resembles that desire. In fact, it still has a so-called “Divinity” school, but the people that go there to study are not Christians.

            There are similar stories of Yale and other colleges that started with an intention to train people for ministry, but over time they drifted away from the truth of God’s Word.

            Most of us are just a decision or two away from departing from the truth of the Gospel. And Paul tells us about some people that drifted away from the truth in his letter to the people living in the region of Galatia. The Galatians once were Paul’s friends, but now they are foes, “So have I become your enemy by telling you the truth?” (Gal 4:16, NASB). People had come into the Galatian church teaching false doctrine and shielding the Galatians from Paul. Paul describes them this way, “They eagerly seek you, not commendably, but they wish to shut you out so that you will seek them. But it is good always to be eagerly sought in a commendable manner, and not only when I am present with you” (Gal 4:17-18).

            But Paul has a plan to get the Galatian believers back on the right track. The Galatians have gone backwards and need to be discipled again, “My children, with whom I am again in labor until Christ is formed in you” (Gal 4:19). Paul wishes to be present with them again so he could work with them, “but I could wish to be present with you now and to change my tone, for I am perplexed about you” (Gal 4:20).

            We as believers need to make sure we don’t drift from the truth like the Galatian believers did. To keep from drifting from the truth we need to distinguish false teachers from truth tellers. And we need to disciple the people that we evangelize.

            That story I shared with you about Harvard breaks my heart. There motto was “Truth for Christ and the Church.” But they drifted away from that truth. The Galatians, too, drifted away from the truth. I pray that we don’t drift away from the truth either. 

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

6. God Keeps His Promises (Gal 3:23-25; cf. Gen 3:15; 12:1-3)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

We all depend on promises in our lives. Our job promises to give us a paycheck in return for faithful labor, our car mechanic promises to put clean oil back in the car after he drains the dirty oil, and our grocery store promises to sell us food that is healthy and accurate based on the labeling.

            God made promises to us in the book of Genesis a least 6,500 years ago:

“And I [God] will put enmity

Between you [serpent] and the woman [Eve],

And between your seed and her seed;

He shall bruise you on the head,

And you shall bruise him on the heel” (Gen 3:15, NASB)

            This was God’s first time revealing (in a subtle way) how He would send a savior to deliver the people and offer them salvation. Theologians call this verse the protoevangelium (first gospel).[1]Here God announces a battle that will occur between Eve’s descendants and Satan’s descendants. God promises that one of Eve’s descendants will bruise Satan on the head which will be the death blow announcing victory.

            God further clarified that promise to Eve’s descendant, Abraham, when God told Abraham,

           “Go forth from your country,

      And from your relatives

      And from your father’s house,

      To the land which I will show you;

      And I will make you a great nation,

      And I will bless you,

      And make your name great;

      And so you shall be a blessing;

      And I will bless those who bless you,

      And the one who curses you I will curse.

      And in you all the families of the earth will be blessed.” (Gen 12:1-3, emphasis added)

            God further clarified His message to Eve when He promised Abraham that through Abraham’s descendants all the nations of the earth would be blessed.

            Then six hundred years later God gave the Law to the nation of Israel through Moses. The Law was God’s way to show Israel their sins and in the process show them their need for a savior (Jesus Christ). Jesus would be Abraham’s descendant and Jesus would bless everyone who places faith in Him.

            With that background and those promises given to Israel, Paul told the believers in the region of Galatia,

“But before faith came, we were kept in custody under the law, being shut up to the faith which was later to be revealed. Therefore the Law has become our tutor to lead us to Christ, so that we may be justified by faith. But now that faith has come, we are no longer under a tutor” (Gal 3:23-25, NASB).

            Paul is showing the Galatians how God kept His promise given to Eve, then clarified it to Abraham, and elaborated on it through Moses and the Law. God kept His promises to the nation of Israel in spite of their unfaithfulness to Him.

            I know you have had people make promises to you but not keep them. Promises of, “I vow to love you till death do us part” might have turned into “I don’t love you anymore, I’m not happy, I want a divorce.” A promise of, “I’ll never drink alcohol again” turned into “Just one drink here and there won’t hurt.” A husband states, “I promise I won’t watch porn anymore” eventually becomes “I need it because. . .” A young potential spouse says, “I want kids when I am married” but eventually reveals “Kids bother me and I don’t want any.” The promise, “I’ll never touch drugs again” turns into “I don’t know where those family heirlooms went. . .”

            God gave a promise to Eve, extended it to Abraham, elaborated on it to Moses through the Law, and it was still valid in A.D. 49 when Paul wrote his letter to the believers in the region of Galatia. And that promise continues to us today. While humans are not the best example of how to keep promises, God is.


[1] Warren Wiersbe, Be Basic (Colorado Springs, CO: David C. Cook, 1998), 76.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

5. Faithful Faith (Gal 3:6, 9)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Cooking is getting more complicated. When I was a kid my sister and I would help my mom cook. I only remember us using a skillet pan, boiling pot, and a rolling pin. But over the years what is in the kitchen to cook has become more complicated. People on TV and people in cookbooks are telling us we need more.  

            This has resulted in rice cookers, crock pots, instant pots, George Foreman grills, charcoal/gas/pellet BBQs and smokers, air friers, blenders, food processors, juicers, cast iron skills, non-stick pans, pans that have no chemicals in them, stove-top kettles, electric kettles, bread makers, microwave ovens, new wave ovens, French friers and air friers.

            Companies and personalities are always adding to our kitchen and are further complicatingwhat we have and how we store it.

            The Galatians faced a similar issue. But it didn’t deal with their kitchen, it dealt with their faith. Was their faith in Christ enough for salvation? Did they need something else in addition to belief in Christ Jesus as their savior? Paul reminds them of that truth writing, “Abraham believed God, and it was reckoned to him as righteousness” (Galatians 3:6). Paul needed to remind the believers in Galatia they were saved based on their faith and not anything else because of a group of people that were following him and confusing people about his teachings.

            After Paul left the region of Galatia and traveled to other places a group of people arrived in Galatia I call “Legalizers” (also called “Judaizers” in many study Bibles and commentaries). These Legalizers were teaching that salvation by faith in Christ was not enough. Instead, the Legalizers taught that people also had to follow parts of the Old Testament Law such as getting circumcised (Galatians 5:2-6; 6:12-13), following the Jewish festivals and feasts such as Passover, Pentecost, Purim (Galatians 4:8-11), and that the Holy Spirit was given to them through the works of the Law (Galatians 3:1-3). These Legalizers were adding to the gospel and complicating it.

            But Paul reminds the believers living in Galatia that “those who are of faith are blessed with Abraham, the believer” (Galatians 3:9). We are saved because of our faith in Christ for salvation. Nothing else. It’s a simple concept, but easy to complicate. While Paul had to remind the Galatian believers that they were saved by faith and faith alone, we too need reminders. It’s easy to get caught up in what Bible translation a church should use, what type of music is best for us to sing, or what day is appropriate for worship services. But those things don’t matter when it comes to our salvation.

            What matters is that we are saved by faith alone in Christ alone.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

4. Treating Everyone the Same (Gal 2:11-13)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

Church was scheduled to start at 11am, but the homeless man arrived at 10:30am and took a seat in the back of the church. He was wearing a baseball hat, hoodie sweatshirt, and torn jeans. His shoes were severely worn and his clothes were dirty. He also had a very long unkept beard. It was clear he was homeless.

            People from church began arriving and noticed the homeless man but ignored him. When 11am arrived the pastor was not at church! Pastor Stout was missing. People started asking, “Have you seen him?” His wife, Joyce, was there. So the church members asked her. “Have you seen Pastor Stout?” She responded, “He’s here somewhere.”

            At 11:05am the homeless man stood up, walked to the front of the church, took off his baseball hat and removed his fake beard, and guess who it was? Pastor Stout![1]

            That story (which is true and was told to me by a woman that was at church that day) causes us to ask ourselves: do we treat everyone the same way regardless of their looks, race, economic status, or family?

            Paul had to confront Peter because Peter was acting differently in front of different groups of people. He was treating people differently because of their race.

            Paul writes about this confrontation in Galatians 2:11, “But when Cephas [Peter] came to Antioch, I opposed him to his face, because he stood condemned.” In Galatians 2:12 Paul describes the problem, “For prior to the coming of certain men from James, he [Peter] used to eat with the Gentiles; but when they came, he [Peter] began to withdraw and hold himself aloof, fearing the party of the circumcision [the Jews].”

            Peter had arrived in Antioch and was enjoying food and fellowship with the Gentile Christians, but when James’ Jewish Christian friends arrive in Antioch, Peter “began to withdraw” himself from the Gentiles and meets with the Jews, James’ friends. The text says Peter held himself “aloof” or “separate” (NIV). It was like he was better than the Gentiles now. But why would he do this?

            It says that Peter was “fearing the party of the circumcision.” Peter was afraid of what the Jewish men would think of him for eating with the sinner Gentiles. 

            Paul describes why this was a problem in Galatians 2:13, “The rest of the Jews joined him in hypocrisy, with the result that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy.” This was a problem for two reasons. Peter was acting different depending on what group of people he was around. Hypocrisy is “the practice of claiming to have higher standards or more laudable beliefs than is the case” (Concise Oxford English Dictionary). Faith in Christ makes us equal in God’s eyes, therefore there is no place for hypocrisy in God’s kingdom.

            The real tragedy is that Peter is not the only one who errors here. His actions cause others to error as well. Paul reveals to us that, “The rest of the Jews joined him” (v. 13) in his hypocrisy. So much “that even Barnabas was carried away by their hypocrisy” (v. 13). Barnabas was a Jew but became a Christian and actively worked with Paul to bring the gospel message to the Gentiles, but Barnabas has followed Peter and abandoned fellowship with the Gentiles.

            I wish we knew how Peter responded. We don’t know what he did. But most commentaries on this passage state that he likely admitted he was wrong and brought the two groups together (based on the book of Acts and what he wrote in 1 & 2 Peter later).

            As believers in Christ we must treat each other as equals because we all share the same faith in the same savior: Jesus Christ.


[1] Glen Stout still serves as Senior Pastor at New Life Church in Exeter, CA.  

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

3. Eager to Help the Poor (Gal 2:1-2, 7-10)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

It’s easy to get busy and forget about the poor. There are many “good” activities we do within the ministry of a church: discipling people in small groups, visiting church members in the hospital, organizing kids ministry, or caring for the church building to make it look good. Those are all good things. Those are all important things.           

            While the apostle Paul had been helping the poor, he also was in a battle for the gospel. A group of people were following Paul and deceiving his new converts saying that salvation by faith was not good enough. They were teaching that people also needed to follow the Law too! This gospel battle led Paul to Jerusalem to verify his gospel message was correct. Paul describes his trip in his letter to the believers in the region of Galatia:

            “Then after an interval of fourteen years I went up again to Jerusalem with Barnabas, taking Titus along also. It was because of a revelation that I went up; and I submitted to them the gospel which I preach among the Gentiles, but I did so in private to those who were of reputation, for fear that I might be running, or had run, in vain. . . Seeing that I had been entrusted with the gospel to the uncircumcised, just as Peter had been to the circumcised (for He who effectually worked for Peter in his apostleship to the circumcised effectually worked for me also to the Gentiles), and recognizing the grace that had been given to me, James and Cephas and John, who were reputed to be pillars, gave to me and Barnabas the right hand of fellowship, so that we might go to the Gentiles and they to the circumcised. They only asked us to remember the poor—the very thing I also was eager to do” (Galatians 2:1-2, 7-10, NASB)

            In the middle of Paul’s battle for the truth of the gospel we see the importance of serving others. Believing the right things wasn’t enough. He was also told to care for the poor. Paul says he was “eager” (v. 10) to do that. And we know he practiced what he preached. In Acts 24:17 Paul brings money from the Gentiles to the poor Jewish believers in Jerusalem. Similar acts of charity are facilitated by Paul in Romans 15:25-28 and 2 Corinthians 8:13-14; 9:12-13.

            All of us (that call ourselves Christians) are called to help the poor. What if we all had one person or family that we helped significantly? It could be an elderly person that needs help fixing the sprinklers in their lawn. Or a single adult that lives alone and is sick and needs someone to pick up medicine. Or a young family that might need someone to watch their kid so they could have a date night. We all must focus on the poor. Just as God’s love and grace has been extended to us, we too should extend God’s love and grace to others. And we can do that by ministering to one person or family.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

2. Showing the Source of Your Story (Gal 1:13-24)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The apostle Paul traveled thousands of miles sharing the gospel, but his life and purpose was not always for Christ. Most of his early life was spent working against Christ. Paul shares about that change in the first chapter of his letter to the believers in the region of Galatia:

For you have heard of my former manner of life in Judaism, how I used to persecute the church of God beyond measure and tried to destroy it; and I was advancing in Judaism beyond many of my contemporaries among my countrymen, being more extremely zealous for my ancestral traditions. But when God, who had set me apart even from my mother’s womb and called me through His grace, was pleased to reveal His Son in me so that I might preach Him among the Gentiles, I did not immediately consult with flesh and blood, nor did I go up to Jerusalem to those who were apostles before me; but I went away to Arabia, and returned once more to Damascus.

Then three years later I went up to Jerusalem to become acquainted with Cephas, and stayed with him fifteen days. But I did not see any other of the apostles except James, the Lord’s brother. (Now in what I am writing to you, I assure you before God that I am not lying.) Then I went into the regions of Syria and Cilicia. I was still unknown by sight to the churches of Judea which were in Christ; but only, they kept hearing, “He who once persecuted us is now preaching the faith which he once tried to destroy.” And they were glorifying God because of me. (Galatians 1:13-24, NASB)

            God grabbed Paul, changed his life 180 degrees, and used his life to reach the Gentiles. Like Paul, I’m sure you have your own story of life before Christ. There probably was a point in time you were living the life you wanted “but when God” (v. 15) got ahold of you He changed you and turned your life in a different direction.

            Take a moment and think about your story. When did God get ahold of you? When did He change your life? God is the source of your story, just like Paul. Here are four tips to show the source in your story: 

            1. Accept your story. Don’t hide it and don’t be ashamed of it. It is part of who you are and it is part of God’s plan for your life. Be willing to share it with others. 

            2. Look for the “but God” moment. When and where did God insert Himself into your life? (Just like Paul had when God showed up in his life.) You might have to think about it, but I am confident you have one.

            3. Explain and show how God changed you. Or at least explain how God is changing you. For me, it was anger. I often struggled to control my anger, but when I got saved that changed drastically.

            4. Share it with love. Don’t argue, lecture, preach, or condemn. Simply tell your story with love for the other person. It is hard for people to argue with you about a story. If you share facts and details, they can debate you. So share your story with them and let God work in their hearts. 

            All of us have a “but God” moment when God inserted Himself into our lives. Let’s go out this week and show the source in our story.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

1. The Source of Paul’s Story (Gal 1:11-12)

January 20, 2025 by Christopher L. Scott

The source of things is important. I love baked potatoes and recently wanted to learn how to make the best baked potato I could. So I searched on the Food Network app and found Alton Brown’s advice for making awesome baked potatoes. But before he gave his recipe he discussed the importance of getting the best baked potato from the correct source. For him, he said that Idaho potatoes were the best.

            I tell you that story about “source” because where things come from affect how we use them and how others perceive them. When people ask us as Christians, “What do you believe?” or “Why do you act that way?” or “Why do you believe that?” we must recognize the source we rely on as Christians. That source is described in Galatians 1:11-12 where Paul tells us clearly that Jesus Christ was the source of the message Paul was preaching.

            Paul writes, “For I would have you know, brethren, that the gospel which was preached by me is not according to man” (Galatians 1:11, NASB).Paul’s first description of the source of the gospel is that it didn’t come from humans. But Paul’s opponents (often described as the “Judaizers”) were arguing that Paul was not a true apostle and that he was given his gospel from a person on earth. They tried to say that since his message was from man, he was not a true apostle and did not have a true message. 

            Paul often refuted their claims saying, “For I neither received it [the gospel message] from man”(Galatians 1:12a).It was not from a person, specifically he didn’t get it from some other Rabbi like Gamaliel that he had studied under. Furthermore he writes, “nor was I taught it” (Galatians 1:12b). He didn’t get it from any philosophy or religious school of thought. But what was the source of his gospel message?

            The gospel message was revealed to Paul by Jesus Christ, “but I received it through a revelation of Jesus Christ” (Galatians 1:12c). Paul’s message and his ministry were from God.

            What we believe and how we act as followers of Jesus is based on the teachings contained in the Bible. The Bible’s made up of 66 books which were written and compiled between 1406 BC and AD 95. They haven’t changed. It’s been the same source. And that source is what we use to guide our faith today.

Filed Under: Articles from Galatians

The Manners in Ministry that Matter

December 25, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

There are plenty of resources that teach church leaders how to “do” church. I’m sure you are aware of—and have probably benefited from—conferences, coaches, books, and consultants that taught you about how to do church better. While those are helpful resources, I believe it’s healthy to regularly read Scripture to see what it teaches us about how to lead and manage a church.

            Last year I preached verse-by-verse through 1 Thessalonians and was surprised at how much of the book was relevant to the local church. In this article I want to examine 1 Thessalonians 2:1-8. When reading these verses in their context we will see what our role is as leaders of a church, we’ll learn about the manner in which we proclaim the Gospel, we’ll see what we should expect when we proclaim that gospel, we’ll be taught what motives we should have, and we’ll learn what is required of us as we share the gospel.

COMING

In 1 Thessalonians 2:1-2 Paul references the visit that he, Silas, and Timothy made to the Thessalonians. “For you yourselves know, brethren, that our coming to you was not in vain, but after we had already suffered and been mistreated in Philippi, as you know, we had the boldness in our God to speak to you the gospel of God amid much opposition” (1 Thessalonians 2:1-2).[1] At this point we must remember that when we read New Testament letters we are reading one side of the conversation. Paul appears to defend himself against an accusation that he lacked sincerity and concern for the Thessalonians. Perhaps someone accused him of preaching only for his own personal enrichment. With that framework in place let’s look at two aspects of Paul’s preaching.

Preaching Is Not Pointless

 The word “For” (v. 1) refers back to thought 1 Thessalonians 1:9 where Paul references the positive reception the Thessalonians gave to Paul, Silas, and Timothy in Thessalonica. The word “You” (v. 1) there is in the emphatic position[2] addressing the believers in the city of Thessalonica. This was Paul’s way of appealing to what they already know.

            If a person or group had said Paul had impure motives, then the Thessalonians would know the accusation was false. Perhaps someone had accused Paul of preaching for personal gain, so he’s calling on the Thessalonians to remember his visit to them from their personal experience saying “you yourselves know, brethren” (v. 1).

            Paul’s phrase “our coming to you was not in vain” (v. 1) could be translated “that it has not become empty.” That word for “vain” there is the Greek word kenos which means “empty, empty-handed, without content, without result, hollow.” And the phrase, “not in vain” is what’s called a “litotes” which is a figure of speech. A litotes is “understatement in which an affirmative is expressed by the negative of the contrary.”[3] It’s states something negatively to say a positive such as, “That MacDonald’s hamburger wasn’t bad” is saying, “it was pretty good.” Paul is saying that his time with the Thessalonians was fruitful.

Preaching In Persecution

Paul reminds the Thessalonians that “we had already suffered and been mistreated in Philippi” (v. 2) The “we” likely includes Silvanus and Timothy with Paul. In Philippi Paul and Silas were falsely accused (Acts 16:20-21), mistreated (Acts 16:20-21), beaten (Acts 16:22-23), incarcerated (Acts 16:24), and illegally punished in spite of their Roman citizenship (Acts 16:37). In Thessalonica Paul and Silas suffered physical intimidation (Acts 17:5-6) and were falsely accused of civil treason (Acts 17:7).

            Yet through those experiences God was their strength for preaching. The phrase,“we had the boldness in our God” (v. 2) describes “the divine source of their courage and strength.”[4] Paul refers to the same strength when writing, “And He has said to me, ‘My grace is sufficient for you, for power is perfected in weakness.’ Most gladly, therefore, I will rather boast about my weaknesses, so that the power of Christ may dwell in me” (2 Cor 12:9). The phrase in 1 Thessalonians 2:2 “we had the boldness” is a participle from the verb parresiazomai which comes from two words meaning literally “all speech.” That verb denotes someone’s state of mind when words flow freely and is the attitude of feeling comfortable and at home with no sense of strain and no stress.[5] In other words, the suffering didn’t slow him down, cause him to stumble, or stutter.

            Through these experiences God was their strength in opposition. Paul writes, “amid much opposition” (v. 2). That word for opposition means conflict, contest, fight, or struggle. It was a word used in athletic events where there was a contest or race. It’s the Greek word agoni and we get our word “agony” from it. This was not a light oppression or inconvenience, it was a real battle.[6]

            What we learn from Paul’s example is ministry to others requires we be bold in our proclamation and suffer in our lives. This is not “boldness” by standing on a street corner yelling at people or offending people purposefully. But “boldness” as confronting people about their sin nature. It takes courage to tell people they are sinful, in need of God, and fall short of the glory of God. A correct presentation of the gospel starts with, “You’re a sinner in need of a Savior.” But this is hard because we live in a culture where everyone gets a trophy for participation and where we tell each other, “I’m OK and you’re OK.” This “boldness” is preaching the gospel knowing opposition, suffering, and affliction will come when we proclaim the Gospel and live out the Christian faith.

            When I was a pastor in the Evangelical Free Church of America I served on a team that evaluated potential church planters. We had a specific set of questions in ten categories we asked men who wanted to plant a church through our denomination. Those questions were all “behavior interview” questions. Meaning, they were questions designed to find out what past behaviors someone had that reflected the future things he would need to do as a church planting pastor. The idea was this: the best way to predict future behavior is with past behavior. Since we were looking for pastors with a specific set of behaviors they would need to successfully plant a church, we knew the best way to find that person was to look for someone that had already shown those behaviors.

            If we apply that principle to the example we see in the Scriptures of Paul, Stephen, James, and Peter who experienced opposition and persecution because of their faith, should we expect the same?

            There comes a point in time when we need to be bold in our faith and share the Gospel with others. As Mark Hitchcock and John Walvoord write, “Secret believers do not lead others to Christ. The way to lead people to Christ is to be bold, to proclaim the Gospel unashamedly.”[7] One of my professors used to say, “If you do lots of good works but never share the Gospel with others, then you are nothing more than a nice person.” That was his way of reminding us students that you have to—at some point in time—tell others about your faith. And Paul teaches us we must be bold in that proclamation while preparing to suffer in our lives.

CONTENT

In 1 Thessalonians 2:3-4 Paul reveals what his message was to the Thessalonians when he came to them.

Paul’s Attack on the Attacks

Paul writes, “For our exhortation does not come from error or impurity or by way of deceit” (1 Thess 2:3). In this verse Paul might be refuting three of the claims against him. The first was “error,” the second was “impurity,” and the third was “deceit.”In verse three we learn Paul’s message was true, his methods were straightforward, and he did not try to mislead or deceive.

Paul’s Motivation and Desire

Paul continues, “but just as we have been approved by God to be entrusted with the gospel, so we speak, not as pleasing men, but God who examines our hearts” (1 Thess 2:4). 

            In verse four we seePaul’s approval by God. Paul states that he, Silas, and Timothy “have been approved by God to be entrusted with the gospel.” The word “approved” is dedokimasmetha and is in the perfect tense saying not only an approval in the past but one that continues. It’s like saying, “we stand approved.”[8] Daniel Wallace labels this as an “intensive perfect” that “emphasizes the results or present state produced by a past action.[9] At this point in time Paul was a veteran of the Christian faith, a veteran in local church ministry (Acts 11:25-26), was well traveled through his first missionary trip (Acts 13-14), endured an explosive church-wide debate when he went to Jerusalem (Acts 15), and now he’s on his second missionary journey (Acts 15:36-18:22).

            In verse four we also see Paul’s ambitions for God, “not as pleasing men, but God who examines our hearts.”Notice the “hearts” there. In the twenty-first century we think of heart as the place of emotions or affections. But in first century emotions and affections were thought of as in the intestines. For example, they thought of the “bowels of compassion” which doesn’t sound very romantic. In the first century the heart “stood for the whole of the inner life, comprising thought and will as well as emotions.”[10] The idea Paul conveys here is that God searches out the whole of our inner life. In other words, “nothing is hidden from him.”[11] Paul might have served men, but his goal was to please God.

            What exactly was going on in Thessalonica? Perhaps some false teachers had tried to discredit Paul and his ministry? Perhaps that is why he emphasizes his appointment, authority, and approval in 1 Thessalonians 2:1-12?

            What we learn from Paul’s example is ministry to others requires we have the right motives. It’s important people know when we as Christians do nice things that it’s not because we’re trying to earn our way into heaven, or to score points with God, or to check off a list of good deeds we’re supposed to do as Christians. It’s important people know we do it because we care for them and because we are showing God’s love for them through us. Pastor Steven J. Cole has said, “When people feel the love of Christ through us, they will more likely listen to the gospel that we present”[12] A great example of this was when a couple from our church was moving to a different state. Two people from our church showed up and helped them pack up their things and load them in a trailer. There was no benefit to our church by doing that, yet we did it because we loved that family and wanted to help them when they needed help.

            Having the right motives means we seek to please God, not man. Having the right motives means we seek God’s glory, not our own. Having the right motives means we seek God’s approval, not others. Yet this is difficult for many of us because we want to please people, and we want people to like us.

            In the early 1990s John Sununu was the chief of staff for George Bush. Sununu was known to be direct and sometimes curt with reporters. In one press conference Sununu was asked if his job was hard. He responded, “no” and then moved on to the next reporter asking a question. The original reporter thought Sununu had misunderstood his question so he asked again if Sununu thought his job was hard. Sununu replied, “My job is easy. I only have one constituent.”[13] Sununu had one constituent he needed to please (the president) and we as Christians have one constituent we need to please: God in heaven. Paul told the believers in Corinth, “Whether, then, you eat or drink or whatever you do, do all to the glory of God” (1 Cor 10:31). When we as church pastors and leaders do ministry, it’s important that we have the right motives.

CONDUCT

Thus far Paul had addressed his manner and method of ministry when with the Thessalonians, next he shares his motives in ministry.

Preaching with Practical Words

Paul first denies that they did certain things, “For we never came with flattering speech, as you know, nor with a pretext for greed—God is witness— “ (1 Thess 2:5). When he references “flattering speech” he means insincere speech people say in order to impress others as a way to get what they want from them. Flattery is when you say something to gain an advantage for yourself. I like how John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock summarize flattery. “It has been well said that gossip is saying something behind someone’s back that you would never say to his face, while flattery is saying something to someone’s face that you would never say behind his back.”[14] Paul’s lack of flattering speech matches what he’s said previously that he’s been “bold” and in “much opposition” (1 Thess 2:2).

            Paul also makes it clear his preaching was not “with pretext for greed” (v. 5). Personal profit was never his aim. That word “pretext” is the Greek word prophasis which describes a “cloak” as something that conceals real motive. It’s like saying, “I do this, but it’s not for the reason I say I do it.” That word “greed” is the Greek word pleonexia that means “to have” or “more” or “covetousness.” Paul is denying that he does evangelism as a “cover” for covetousness or money or fame.

            Paul continues, “nor did we seek glory from men, either from you or from others, even though as apostles of Christ we might have asserted our authority” (1 Thess 2:6). The Bible Knowledge Commentary explains the significance of this verse this way, “The missionaries were not seeking the praise of any man, but the praise of God. Travelling philosophers and orators were common in the Roman Empire. They itinerated from place to place, entertaining and seeking a personal following for fame and fortune. Paul and his companions had nothing in common with such men! Rather than seeking something for themselves. They delighted in giving to others freely.”[15] Contrary to common itinerant preachers in the Roman empire, the apostles were tasked with preaching the gospel and performing miracles (Mark 3:14) which rarely led to fame and fortune. In fact, all the apostles except John would be martyred for their faith.

Preaching in Tenderness and Compassion

Next Paul shares the motivations in his preaching by using a metaphor of a nursing mother to describe Paul’s love and care for the Thessalonians, “But we proved to be gentle among you, as a nursing mother tenderly cares for her own children” (1 Thess 2:7). Paul is saying that just as a mother has to eat good food and get rest for the nourishment of her child, so he was basing his message on the Word of God which he then passed along to them. Paul was there caring for them and giving to them. Just as a mother cares for her child and gives to her child through her milk and touch, he too was there giving, not taking.

            The parental metaphor of verse seven continues in verse eight about provision. “Having so fond an affection for you, we were well-pleased to impart to you not only the gospel of God but also our own lives, because you had become very dear to us” (1 Thess 2:8). As a caring loving mother gives all of her life to a child, so did the apostles. They gave of their time, energy, and focus. Their focus was on imparting the gospel to them. A good mother is not just concerned with feeding her child, but making sure the child has a place to sleep and is protected from harm while traveling on the road. And that’s Paul’s care here.

            What we learn from Paul’s example is ministry to others requires we give our lives. To do ministry to other people takes time, energy, and effort. To teach a Sunday school class takes an hour or two to prepare the lesson, it takes focused energy to teach it, and it requires attention to redirect the kids as they go through it. To disciple someone means we regularly have coffee with them, enjoy lunches, do Bible study, and do life together. To raise kids that love God and are committed to Him requires we daily pray with them, read Scripture to them, and look for teachable moments.

            Recently my son and I rode our bikes to a feed-supply store near our home. While they sell animal food and agricultural supplies, we go there because there is a freezer that has ice cream! After we had ridden our bikes there, purchased our ice cream, and were sitting in the parking lot eating I thought I would ask my son about a girl he often talks about. I asked him if she was a Christian. He responded, “Oh I know she’s a Christian.” Then when I asked him how he knew she was a Christian he replied, “Because of her funniness, Dad. She always laughs at what I say.” While that might be an interesting way to gauge whether or not someone is a Christian, I need to tell you my son is only six. That’s a cute story but the point is this: to talk to my son about spiritual things I had to invest my time and my money with him so that I could disciple him. And doing ministry to others requires we give our lives.

CONCLUSION

Ray Stedman was pastor of Peninsula Bible Church in Palo Alto, California for forty years (1950-1990). As his church grew he was invited to participate in gatherings with other large church pastors. In one of those meetings one pastor much younger than Ray noted, “Jesus was so human nobody would believe He was God, but we pastors are so godlike nobody thinks we’re human!”[16] That statement showed remarkable maturity from that young pastor. And it’s true not only for pastors, but regular Christians as well.

            Every believer has a ministry. Paul wrote to the believers in Ephesus, “And He gave some as apostles, and some as prophets, and some as evangelists, and some as pastors and teachers, for the equipping of the saints for the work of service, to the building up of the body of Christ” (Ephesians 4:11–12). When writing a letter to the Thessalonians Paul was equipping them for ministry. And when we read that letter Paul is equipping us for ministry too.

            Your ministry in church might be as a pastor, counselor, children’s ministry director, small groups leader, administrator, or worship leader. Whatever your ministry remember that your manners in ministry matter.


[1] Scripture taken from the New American Standard Bible, Copyright The Lockman Foundation 1960, 1962, 1963, 1968, 1971, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1977, 1995. Used by permission.

[2] See Thomas L. Constable, “1 Thessalonians” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, ed. by J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 693; Leon Morris, The First and Second Epistles to the Thessalonians, New International Commentary on the New Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans, 1991) 67; Charles Ryrie, 1 and 2 Thessalonians (Chicago, IL: Moody, 1959), 31.

[3] Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary, 11th ed.(Springfield, MA: Merriam-Webster, Inc., 2003), 727.

[4] F.F. Bruce, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, World Biblical Commentary, vol. 45 (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 2015), 25.

[5] Morris, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, NICNT, 69.

[6] Ibid., 70.

[7] John Walvoord and Mark Hitchcock, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, The John Walvoord Prophecy Commentaries (Chicago, IL: Moody, 2012), 32.

[8] Morris, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, NICNT, 72.

[9] Daniel B. Wallace, Greek Grammar Beyond the Basics (Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan, 1996), 574.

[10] Morris, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, NICNT, 72-73.

[11] Ibid., 73.

[12] Steven J Cole, “Effective Discipleship (1 Thessalonians 2:1-8)”, https://bible.org/seriespage/lesson-5-effective-discipleship-1-thessalonians-21-8. Accessed Sept 26, 2024.

[13] Knute Larson. I & II Thessalonians, I & II Timothy, Titus, Philemon, vol. 9 of Holman New Testament Commentary (Nashville, TN: Broadman & Holman Publishers, 2000), 22-23.

[14] Walvoord and Hitchcock, 1 & 2 Thessalonians, 35.

[15] Thomas L. Constable “1 Thessalonians” in The Bible Knowledge Commentary: An Exposition of the Scriptures, edited by J. F. Walvoord and R. B. Zuck (Wheaton, IL: Victor Books, 1985), 694.

[16] Ray Stedman, Waiting for the Second Coming (Grand Rapids, MI: Discovery House Publishers, 1990), 24-25.

Filed Under: Church Pastor and Leader Advice

An Outline of Jude

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I. GREETING BELIEVERS (vv. 1-4)

A. Greeting (vv. 1-2)

B. Purpose (v. 3)

1. Faith.

2. Contend.

C. Warning (v. 4)

1. Creeping.  

2. Grace as Motivation for Sin.

3. Jesus Not as Master and Lord.

II. EXPOSING FALSE TEACHERS (vv. 5-16)

A. Past Examples of Apostates (vv. 5-7)

1. Egypt (v. 5).

2. Angels (v. 6).

3. Sodom and Gomorrah (v. 7).

B. Present Actions of Apostates (vv. 8-16)

1. They Reject Authority (vv. 8-10)

Dreams (v. 8).

Michael (v. 9).

Revile (v. 10).

2. They Walk in Error (v. 11).

Cain

Balaam

Korah

3. They Lead Falsely (vv. 12-13).

4. They Please Themselves (vv. 14-16)

III. ENCOURAGING TRUE BELIEVERS (vv. 17-23)

A. Prediction That the False Teachers Would Come (vv. 17-19)

1. Transition.

2. Apostles.

3. False Teachers’ Work.

4. Their Time.

B. Practices Once the False Teachers Arrive (vv. 20-23)[1]

1. Practices Among Ourselves (vv. 20-21).

Building (20a).

Praying (20b).

Waiting (v. 21b).

2. Practices Toward Others (vv. 22-23)

Mercy on the Doubting (v. 22).

Save the Lost (v. 23a).

Show Mercy with Fear (v. 23b).

IV. GOODBYE BENEDICTION (vv. 24-25)


[1] vv. 20-21 spiritual disciplines; vv. 22-23 pastoral needs

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Obadiah

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I. DIVINE ORACLE (v. 1)

A. The Nature

B. The Source

C. The Man

D. The Timing

II. DESTRUCTION OF EDOM (vv. 2-14)

A. The Manner of God’s Condemnation (vv. 2-9).

1. Edom’s Pride Thwarted (vv. 2-4)

2. Edom’s Wealth Plundered (vv. 5-7)

Deeds.

Name.

Enemies.

3. Edom’s People Slaughtered (vv. 8-10)

The Day (v. 8).

The Deeds (v. 9).

The Disaster (v. 10).

B. The Motivation for God’s Condemnation (vv. 10-14)

1. Edom’s Sinful Attitudes (vv. 10-11).

2. Edom’s Sinful Actions (vv. 12-14)

3. Edom’s Sad Downfall

III. DELIVERANCE OF ISRAEL (vv. 15-20)

A. The Day of the Lord (vv. 15-16)

1. Climax (v. 15a).

2. Theology (v. 15b-16).

B. The Deliverances of the Lord’s People (vv. 17-18)

1. Zion.

2. Jacob.

3. Joseph.

C. The Defeat of the Lord’s Enemies (vv. 19-20)

IV. DIVINE DECLARATION (v. 21)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Philemon

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I. GREETING (vv. 1-3)

A. The People (vv.1-2b)

1. Timothy (v. 1).

2. Philemon (v. 1).

3. Apphia (v. 2a). Possibly Phlm’s wife.

4. Archippus (v. 2b). Possibly Phlm’s son.

B. The Church (v. 2c)

C. The Common Way to Start Letters in Roman Empire

1. Writer announces himself (v. 1a)

2. Writer states identity of recipient (vv. 1b-2)

3. Writer offers a greeting (v. 3)

II. APPLAUSE (vv. 4-7)

A. In Prayer (v. 4)

B. In Actions (v. 5)

2. Where Philemon Directs It.

C. In Effects (v. 6-7)

III. APPEAL (vv. 8-17)

A. The Earthly Problem (vv. 8-14, 17)

1. Paul’s Reason (v. 8).

2. Paul’s Request (vv. 9-10a, 17)

Appeal.

Age.

Acceptance.

3. Paul’s Son (v. 10b-11)

The Person Onesimus (v. 10b).

The Problem Onesimus.

The Change of Onesimus (v. 11).

4. Paul’s Consideration (vv. 12-14).

B. The Heavenly Provision (vv. 15-16)

1. God’s Plan (v. 15)

2. Onesimus’s Position (v. 16)

Emancipation from Slavery to Freedom.

Restoration back to Good Relationship.

IV. ACCOUNT (vv. 18-21)

A. The Offer (v. 18)

1. Problem.

2. Solution.

B. The Authenticity (v. 19)

C. The Hope (vv. 20-21)

V. GOODBYE (vv. 22-25)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of 3 John

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I.    GAUIS[1] IS COMMENDED (vv. 1-8)

A. Greeting (v. 1)

1. The Elder (v. 1a).

2. Gauis (v. 1b).

B. Godly Life (vv. 2-4)

1. Beloved (v. 2).

2. Brethren (v. 3).

3. Walking in the Truth (vv. 3b-4).

C. Generosity (vv. 5-8)

1. Toward Parishioners and Travelers (v. 5).

2. Testimony – As Described by the Church (v. 6a).

3. Tension – As There is a Need (v. 7).

4. Task – What They Ought to Continue Doing (vv. 6b, 8).

II. DIOTREPHES IS CONDEMNED (vv. 9-10)

A. Ambition (v. 9b).

B. Activities (vv. 9a, 9c, 10)

1. He Disregarded John’s Instruction.

2. He Dished Out Dirt about John.

3. He Denied Hospitality to Traveling Missionaries.

4. He Disciplined Others That Did Want to Show Hospitality to Traveling Missionaries.

III. DEMETRIUS IS COMPLIMENTED (vv. 11-12)

A. The Caution (v. 11b).

B. The Command (v. 11a)

C. The Case (READ v. 12)

IV. JOHN IS COMING (vv. 13-15)


[1] This Gaius was not ass. w/Gaius of Corinth (1 Cor 1:14; Rom 16:23) or Gaius of Macedonia (Acts 19:29) or Gaius of Derbe (Acts 20:4). (Moo and Carson, An Introduction to the NT, 677)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of 2 John

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I. COMMENCEMENT (vv. 1-3)

A. Author (v. 1a)

B. Address (v. 1b)

C. Greeting (vv. 2-3)

II. COMMENDATION (vv. 4-6)

A. Truth (v. 4)

B. Love (vv. 5-6).

III. CAUTION (vv. 7-11)

A. Stating the Danger (v. 7, 9)

1. Who They Are (v. 7a).

2. What They Teach (v. 7b).

3. How They Are Labeled (v. 7c).

4. Where They Have Gone Astray (v. 9).

B. Succumbing to the Danger (v. 8).  

C. Stopping the Danger (vv. 10-11).

IV. CONCLUSION (vv. 12-13)

A. Genuine Fellowship (v. 12)

B. Genuine Friendship (v. 13)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of 1 Peter

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

INTRODUCTION (1:1-2)

I. LIFE IN THE SON (1:3-2:10)

II. LIFE IN SOCEITY (2:11-3:12)

III. LIFE IN SUFFERING (3:13-4:19)

IV. LIFE IN SERVICE (5:1-11)

CONCLUSION (5:12-14)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Revelation

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I.          THE LORDSHIP OF JESUS CHRIST (1)

A.        A Brief Introduction to John’s Letter (1:1-3)

B.        John’s Greeting to the Seven Churches (1:4-8)

C.        John’s Vision of the Son of Man  (1:9-20)

1.         John was on the island of Patmos when he heard a loud voice (vv. 9-11).

2.         John realized that the voice was the Son of Man (vv. 12-16).

3.         The Son of Man told John to write down the things he had seen, what was happening, and what would happen in the future (vv. 17-20)

II.        THE LETTERS OF JESUS CHRIST (2-3)

A.        The Letter to the Church at Ephesus (2:1-7)

B.        The Letter to the Angel of the Church in Smyrna (2:8-11)

C.        The Letter to the Angle of the Church in Peragmum (2:12-17)

D.        The Letter to the Angel of the Church at Thyatira (2:18-29)

E.        The Letter to the Angel of the Church in Sardis (3:1-6)

F.         The Letter to the Angel of the Church of Philadelphia (3:7-13)

G.        The Letter to the Angel of the Church of Laodicea (3:14-22)

III.       THE JUDGEMENT, RETURN, AND REIGN OF JESUS CHRIST (4:1-19:10)

A.        John Taken to Heaven (4)

B.        The One Worthy to Open the Scroll (5)

C.        The Lamb Breaks the Six Seals (6)

D.        God’s People Preserved (7)

E.        The Lamb Breaks the Seventh Seal (8:1-5)

F.         The Six Trumpets (8:6-9:21)

G.        The Angel and the Small Scroll (10)

H.        The Two Witnesses (11:1-14)

I.          The Seventh Angel Blows His Trumpet (11:15-19)

J.         The Woman and the Dragon (12)

K.        The Beast of the Sea and the Beast of the Earth (13)

L.        The Lamb with 144,000, the Three Angels, and the Harvest of the Earth (14)

M.       The Song of Moses (15:1-4)

N.        The Seven Bowels of the Seven Plagues (15:5-16:21)

O.        The City of Babylon (17-18)

P.         The Songs of Victory in Heaven (19:1-10)

IV.       THE RETURN AND REIGN OF CHRIST (19:11-20:15)

A.        The Return of Christ (19:11-21)

B.        The Reign of Christ (20:1-10)

C.        The Final Judgement (20:11-15)

V.        THE NEW HEAVEN AND NEW EARTH (21-22)

A.        The New Jerusalem (21:1-22:6)

B.        A Summary and Reminder that Jesus Is Coming (22:7-21)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Habakkuk

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

 HABAKKUK’S PROBLEMS (1)

 Introduction (v. 1)

 Habakkuk’s 1st Question (vv. 2-4) – God’s inactivity: “How long will evil continue & when will you stop it?“

 God’s 1st Answer (vv. 5-11) –“I’m going to stop it, I know what’s going on, and you’ll be surprised how.”

 Habakkuk’s 2nd Question (1:12-2:1) –God’s inconsistency: “Why use greater sinners against less sinners”

HABAKKUK’S PATIENCE (2)

 God’s 2nd Answer (vv. 2-20) [19v]-“I have a plan for the future, a message for the faithful, and punishment planned for the Babylonians.”

HABAKKUK’S PRAISE (3)

 The Message of God (vv. 1-2) [2v]

 The Majesty of God (vv. 3-15) [14v]

 The Meaning of God (vv. 16-19) [4v]

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Philippians

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I.          PAUL’S GREETING, LIFE PURPOSE, AND GOAL FOR BELIEVERS (1:1-30)

                        A.         Paul’s Introduction (1:1-11)

1.         Greetings from Paul (1:1-4)

                                    2.         Paul’s thanksgiving and prayer (1:5-11)

                        B.        Paul’s Joy about Christ Being Preached (1:12-18)

                                    1.         Paul’s imprisonment had been fruitful to spread the Good News (1:12-14).

                                    2.         Some people were preaching without pure motives (1:15-17).

                                    3.         But, Paul didn’t care about motives (1:18).

                        C.        Paul’s Life for Christ (1:19-26)

1.         Paul would never be ashamed because he lived for Christ (1:19-21).

2.         Paul was torn between living and dying, but he wanted to live for the sake of the Philippians (1:22-24).

3.         Paul remained to help the Philippians and take joy in what Christ was doing through him (1:25-26).

                        D.        Live as Citizens of Heaven (1:27-30)

1.         Paul told them to live as citizens of heaven as one body and don’t be intimidated by enemies (1:27-28).

2.         The Philippians had been given a struggle to share which we are in the midst of (1:29-30).

II.        THE CHRISTIAN LIFE THEY SHOULD HAVE (2:1-30)

                        A.        Focus on Others (2:1-4)

                                    1.         What was the result of Christ’s work (2:1-2)?

                                    2.         Be humble and look out for others (2:3-4)

                        B.        Have the Same Attitude as Christ (2:5-11)

                                    1.         Christ’s Humility – Have the same attitude that Christ had (2:5-8).

2.         Christ’s Exaltation – God elevated Jesus back up high for others to worship him (2:9-11).

                        C.        Shine Brightly for Christ (2:12-18)

                                    1.         Work hard for God is working in you (2:12-13).

2.         Don’t complain, live cleanly, shine bright, and hold on to the word of life (2:14-16).

                                    3.         Paul rejoiced because of his life poured out for others (2:17-18).

                        D.        Applause for Timothy (2:19-24)

1.         If God allowed, Paul hoped to send Timothy because no one was like Timothy (2:19-20).

                                    2.         While others cared only for themselves, Timothy served others (2:21-22).

                                    3.         Paul hoped to send Timothy and maybe even visit Philippi too (2:23-24).

                        E.        Applause for Epaphroditus (2:25-30)

1.         Paul sent Epaphroditus back to the Philippians as Epaphroditus longed for them and had been ill (2:25-27).

                                    2.         Paul would send him back because Epaphroditus risked his life (2:28-30).

III.       PAUL’S PAST AND THE FUTURE GOAL FOR CHRISTIANS (3:1-21)

                        A.        Paul’s Heritage and Confidence in Jesus (3:1-6)

1.         The Philippians should Rejoice in the Lord focusing on what Christ had done for us (3:1-3).

                                    2.         Paul had strong self-confidence (3:4).

3.         Paul’s heritage was a Pharisee, Benjaminite, zealous persecutor, and person obedient to the law (3:5-6).

B.        Righteousness through Christ (3:7-11)

1.         Yet, it all was worthless because of what Christ had done because righteousness was based on faith (3:7-9).

2.         Paul wanted to experience the resurrection from the dead by sharing in Christ’s sufferings and death (3:10-11).

                        C.        Perfection Not Yet Reached (3:12-16)

                                    1.         Perfection was not yet received, but Paul continued on (3:2-14).

2.         If disagreement occurs, we must hold to the progress we have already made (3:15-16).

                        D.        Living as Citizens of Heaven (3:17-21)      

                                    1.         Follow Paul’s example (3:17).

                                    2.         There are people who are headed for destruction (3:18-19).

                                    3.         There are people who are headed for heaven (3:20-21)

IV.       PUTTING THE CHRISTIAN LIFE TOGETHER (4:1-23)

                        A.        Harmony and Joy Among Believers (4:1-5)

                                    1.         Stay true to the LORD (4:1).

                                    2.         Euodia and Syntyche need to settle their disagreements (4:2-3).

                                    3.         Always be full of joy and let others see it (4:4-5).

                        B.        Direct Instructions for the Christian Life (4:6-9)

                                    4.         Don’t worry but instead pray and have peace (4:6-7).

                                    5.         Focus their thoughts on excellent things that are worthy of praise (4:8-9).

                        C.        Paul’s Gratefulness for What Little He Had (4:10-17)

                                    1.         Paul was grateful that they were concerned about him (4:10).

                                    2.         Paul had learned to be content with what little he had (4:11-12).

3.         Paul could live without anything because of Christ’s strength, yet he was still grateful to the Philippians for their support (4:13-14).

4.         Paul wanted the Philippians to receive a reward for their kindness to him (4:15-17).

                        C.        Sweet Smelling Sacrifices and the Security of the Saints (4:18-23)

                                    1.         Paul had all that he needed (4:18-19).

                                    2.         All glory was to the Father (4:20).

                                    3.         A Final Greeting (4:21-23)

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of Galatians

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I.             FOLLOWING GOD’S LAW (ch. 1-3)

                A.            Paul’s Past in Religion (1)

                                1.             Substance of the Gospel (vv. 1-10)

                                                a)            Greetings (1-5)

                                                b)            Good News (6-9)

                                                c)             Goal (10)

                                2.             Source of the Gospel (vv. 11-24)

                                                a)            From Jesus (11-12)

                                                b)            From Judaism (13-14)

                                                c)             From Jehovah God (15-17)

                                                d)            From Jerusalem (18-20)

                                                d)            From Judah (21-24)

                B.            Paul’s Preparation for Ministry (chapter 2)

                                1.             Meeting with Church Leaders (verses 1-10)

                                                a)            Agreement from Leaders (1-3)

                                                b)            Disagreement from False Brothers (4-5)

                                                c)             Encouragement from Leaders (6-10)

                                2.             Meeting with the Church Leader (verses 11-21)

                                                a)            Peter’s Conforming (11-13)

                                                b)            Peter’s Confrontation (14-16)

                                                c)             Peter’s Correction (17-21)

                C.            Paul’s Preaching on Faith and Abraham (chapter 3)[1]

                                1.             Abraham’s Faith: Saved Because of Faith (3:1-9)

                                2.             Abraham’s Seed: Saved Because of One Man/Father (3:10-18)

                                3.             Abraham’s Descendants: Saved Because of One Son (3:19-29)

II.            FOLLOWING GOD’S SON AND HOLY SPIRIT (ch. 4-6)

                A.            Christ’s Children (4)

                                1.             At One Time (4:1-11)

                                                a)            Slaves to this World (1-3)

                                                b)            Slaves Freed by the Son (4-7)

                                                c)             Slaves to Other gods (8-11)

                                2.             At Paul’s Time with Them (4:12-20)

                                                a)            Free from the Law (12-13)

                                                b)            Free to Do What is Right (14-16)

                                                c)             Free from False Teachers (17-20)

                                3.             At Abraham’s Time (4:21-31)

                                                a)            Abraham’s Two Sons (21-23)

                                                b)            Abraham’s Two Women (24-27)

                                                c)             Abraham’s Two Descendants (28-31)

                B.            Christ’s Fruit (5)

                                1.             Old vs. New (5:1-6)

                                                a)            Through Christ (1)

                                                b)            Through Circumcision (2-4)

                                                c)             Through the Spirit (5-6)

                                2.             Past vs. Present (5:7-15)

                                                a)            Their Struggle (7-10)

                                                b)            Paul’s Striving (11-12)

                                                c)             Out Goal/Target (13-15)

                                3.             Flesh vs. Spirit (5:16-26)

                                                a)            The Goal (16-18)

                                                b)            The Deeds of the Flesh (19-21)

                                                c)             The Duty of the Spirit (22-24)

                                                d)            The Way We Live (25-26)

                C.            Christ’s Harvest/Community (6)

                                1.             Giving Help to Fallen Brothers (6:1-5)

                                                a)            Be Gentle (1)

                                                b)            Be Realistic (2-3)

                                                c)             Be Focused (4-5)

                                2.             Giving Help to Believers (6:6-10)

                                                a)            Giving to Teachers of the Word (6)

                                                b)            Sowing Good (7-9)

                                                c)             Giving to Those in the Household (10)

                                3.             Giving Help to the Gospel (6:11-18)

                                                a)            Personal Appeal (11)

                                                b)            Position of the Gospel (12-16)

                                                c)             Passion for Christ (17-18)


[1] 1. The Law and Faith in Christ (3:1-14): a) Belief Brings the Holy Spirit (1-5), b) Belief Gives Righteousness (6-9), c) Belief Removes the Curse (10-14). 2. The Law and God’s Promise to Abraham (3:15-29): a) What Promise Was Given to Abraham (15-18), b)  Why the Law Was Given (19-23), c)          Who God’s People Are (24-29).

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

An Outline of the Gospel of John

December 2, 2024 by Christopher L. Scott

I.          DESCRIBING JESUS (1-4)

A.        His Arrival (1)

1.         The Testimony of Jesus (vv. 1-18)

2.         The Testimony of John (vv. 19-34)

3.         The Testimony of the Disciples (vv. 35-51)

B.        His Travels (2)

1.         To Turn Water into Wine (vv. 1-12)

            SIGN #1 – Turning Water Into Wine (vv. 1-12)

2.         To Whip the Waiters (vv. 13-25)

C.        His Talks (3)

1.         A Discussion with Nicodemus (vv. 1-21)

            DISCOURSE #1 – A Talk with Nicodemus About the Son as Savior (vv. 1-21)

2.         A Discussion with the Disciples (vv. 22-46)

D.        His Stops (4)

1.         To Talk with the Woman at the Well (vv. 1-42)

            DISCOURSE #2 – A Talk with the Woman at the Well about the Water of Life (vv. 1-26)

2.         To Heal the Royal Official’s Son (vv. 43-54)

            SIGN #2 – Healing the Royal Official’s Son (vv. 43-54)

II.        QUESTIONING JESUS (5-12)

A.        His Claims (5)

1.         As Equal with God the Father (vv. 1-18)

            SIGN #3 – Healing a Lame Man Near the Pool

2.         As Dependent on God the Father (vv. 19-31)[1]

            DISCOURSE #3 – A Talk with the Jews about Equality with God the Father (vv. 19-30)

3.         As Sent from God the Father (vv. 32-47)

B.        His Signs (6)[2]

1.         Feeding the People (vv. 1-14)

            SIGN #4 – Feeding 5,000 People (vv. 1-14)

2.         Traveling in a Boat (vv. 15-21)

            SIGN #5 – Calming the Waters (vv. 15-21)

3.         Looking for Jesus (vv. 22-25)

            DISCOURSE #4 – A Talk with the Crowd about Jesus as the Bread of Life (vv. 22-59)

            I AM #1 – The Bread of Life (6:35)

4.         Talking with Jesus (vv. 26-40)

5.         Disagreeing with Jesus (vv. 41-71)

C.        His Travels (7)

1.         Encountering More Trouble (vv. 1-24)

2.         Encountering More Questions (vv. 25-53)[3]

D.        His Teachings/Example (8)

1.         The One that Forgives Sins (vv. 1-11)

            I AM #2 – The Light of the World (8:12)

2.         The One Light that Shines (vv. 12-30)

            DISCOURSE #5 – A Talk with the Crowd about Jesus as the Light of the World (vv. 12-58)

3.         The One that Is God and Came from God (vv. 31-59)

E.         His Miracles (9)

1.         Healing a Blind Man  (vv. 1-24)

2.         Defending the Healing of a Blind Man (vv. 25-41)

            SIGN #6: The Healing of the Blind Man (9:1-41)

F.         His Commitments (10)

1.         As the Good Shepherd (vv. 1-21)

            DISCOURSE #6 – A Talk with the Crowd about Jesus as the Good Shepherd (vv. 1-18)

            I AM #3: The Door (v. 7, 9)

            I AM #4: The Good Shepherd (vv. 11, 14)

2.         As the God-Sent Man (vv. 22-41)

G.        His Work (11)[4]

1.         Raising Lazarus from Death (vv. 1-44)

            SIGN #7: The Healing of Lazarus from the Dead (11:1-44)

            I AM #5: The Resurrection and the Life (11:25)

2.         Revising the Plan for Jesus’s Death (vv. 45-57)

H.        His Honor (12)

1.         Private Preparations (vv. 1-11)

2.         Public Praise (vv. 12-19)

3.         Problems in Parts (vv. 20-50)

III.       CONFIRMING JESUS (13-17)

A.        In Service (13)[5]

1.         Washing Others Feet (vv. 1-20)

2.         Wondering Who Will Betray (vv. 21-38)

            DISCOURSE #7 – A Talk with the Disciples about Jesus’s Body and Blood (13:31-14:31)

B.        In Community (14)

1.         The Works of the Father (vv. 1-14)

            I AM #6: The Way, the Truth, and the Life (v. 6)

2.         The Ways of the Holy Spirit (vv. 15-31)

C.        In Commitments (15)[6]

1.         Abiding in the Vine for Fruit (vv. 1-11)

            I AM #7: The True Vine (v. 1)

2.         Abiding in the Vine for Love (vv. 12-17)

3.         Abiding in the Vine against Discrimination (vv. 18-27)

D.        In Predictions (16)

E.         In Truth (17)

IV.       KILLING JESUS (18-19)

A.        The Arrest of Jesus (18)[7]

1.         Approaching Jesus (vv. 1-11)

2.         Taking Jesus (vv. 12-18)

3.         Questioning Jesus (vv. 19-27)

4.         Accusing Jesus (vv. 28-40)

B.        The Death of Jesus (19)

1.         Up for Trial (vv. 1-16)

2.         On the Cross (vv. 17-31)

3.         In the Grave (vv. 32-42)

V.        RAISING JESUS (20-21)

A.        The Resurrection of Jesus (20)[8]

1.         Looking for Jesus (1-10)

2.         Finding Jesus (vv. 11-18)

3.         Believing in Jesus (vv. 19-31)

B.        The Commission of Jesus (21)

1.         To Seven Disciples (vv. 1-14)

2.         To Peter and John (vv. 15-25)

Here’s another outline I’ve developed

PRESENTATION (ch. 1-4)

CONFRONTATION (ch. 5-12)

PREPARATION (ch. 13-17)

CRUXIFICTION (ch. 18-19)

RESURRECTION (ch. 20-21)

Or

POINTING TO THE CHRIST (ch. 1-4)

PROBLEMS FOR THE CHRIST (ch. 5-12)

PREPARATION FOR THE CHRIST (ch. 13-17)

PLACEMENT ON THE CROSS (ch. 18-19)

PREPARATION FOR HEAVEN (ch. 20-21)


[1] I. THE JUDGE (vv. 19-20, 30-31), II. THE COURTROOM (vv. 21-23), III. THE PLEA DEAL (vv. 24), IV. THE VERDICT (vv. 25-29)

[2] Might be better to divide it as vv.1-21, vv. 22-40, vv. 41-31 or vv. 1-15, vv. 16-40, vv. 41-71

[3] Preach and teach this as one sermon (7:53-8:11)

[4] Maybe outline as 11:45-12:8, 12:9-19, 12:20-50

[5] There are many ways to outline these chapters. Swindoll outlines it as vv. 1-17, vv. 18-30, vv. 31-38. Wiersbe outlines 13:1-35, 13:36-4:31. Others follow this pattern: 13:1-20, 13:21-35, 13:36-14:31. Or this way: 13:1-20, 13:21-35, 13:36-14:4, 14:5-7, 8-21, 14:22-31.

[6] I like these headings: The World’s Hatred (15:18-16:4), The Spirit’s Work (16:5-15), The Future Changes (16:16-33)

[7] Or divide it as vv.1-18 and vv. 19-40

[8] Or divide it as vv. 1-18 and vv. 19-31

Filed Under: Outlines of Books of the Bible

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